zakat

xxx

 122class ZakatTracker:
 123    """
 124    A class for tracking and calculating Zakat.
 125
 126    This class provides functionalities for recording transactions, calculating Zakat due,
 127    and managing account balances. It also offers features like importing transactions from
 128    CSV files, exporting data to JSON format, and saving/loading the tracker state.
 129
 130    The `ZakatTracker` class is designed to handle both positive and negative transactions,
 131    allowing for flexible tracking of financial activities related to Zakat. It also supports
 132    the concept of a "Nisab" (minimum threshold for Zakat) and a "haul" (complete one year for Transaction) can calculate Zakat due
 133    based on the current silver price.
 134
 135    The class uses a camel file as its database to persist the tracker state,
 136    ensuring data integrity across sessions. It also provides options for enabling or
 137    disabling history tracking, allowing users to choose their preferred level of detail.
 138
 139    In addition, the `ZakatTracker` class includes various helper methods like
 140    `time`, `time_to_datetime`, `lock`, `free`, `recall`, `export_json`,
 141    and more. These methods provide additional functionalities and flexibility
 142    for interacting with and managing the Zakat tracker.
 143
 144    Attributes:
 145        ZakatTracker.ZakatCut (function): A function to calculate the Zakat percentage.
 146        ZakatTracker.TimeCycle (function): A function to determine the time cycle for Zakat.
 147        ZakatTracker.Nisab (function): A function to calculate the Nisab based on the silver price.
 148        ZakatTracker.Version (function): The version of the ZakatTracker class.
 149
 150    Data Structure:
 151        The ZakatTracker class utilizes a nested dictionary structure called "_vault" to store and manage data.
 152
 153        _vault (dict):
 154            - account (dict):
 155                - {account_number} (dict):
 156                    - balance (int): The current balance of the account.
 157                    - box (dict): A dictionary storing transaction details.
 158                        - {timestamp} (dict):
 159                            - capital (int): The initial amount of the transaction.
 160                            - count (int): The number of times Zakat has been calculated for this transaction.
 161                            - last (int): The timestamp of the last Zakat calculation.
 162                            - rest (int): The remaining amount after Zakat deductions and withdrawal.
 163                            - total (int): The total Zakat deducted from this transaction.
 164                    - count (int): The total number of transactions for the account.
 165                    - log (dict): A dictionary storing transaction logs.
 166                        - {timestamp} (dict):
 167                            - value (int): The transaction amount (positive or negative).
 168                            - desc (str): The description of the transaction.
 169                            - ref (int): The box reference (positive or None).
 170                            - file (dict): A dictionary storing file references associated with the transaction.
 171                    - hide (bool): Indicates whether the account is hidden or not.
 172                    - zakatable (bool): Indicates whether the account is subject to Zakat.
 173            - exchange (dict):
 174                - account (dict):
 175                    - {timestamps} (dict):
 176                        - rate (float): Exchange rate when compared to local currency.
 177                        - description (str): The description of the exchange rate.
 178            - history (dict):
 179                - {timestamp} (list): A list of dictionaries storing the history of actions performed.
 180                    - {action_dict} (dict):
 181                        - action (Action): The type of action (CREATE, TRACK, LOG, SUB, ADD_FILE, REMOVE_FILE, BOX_TRANSFER, EXCHANGE, REPORT, ZAKAT).
 182                        - account (str): The account number associated with the action.
 183                        - ref (int): The reference number of the transaction.
 184                        - file (int): The reference number of the file (if applicable).
 185                        - key (str): The key associated with the action (e.g., 'rest', 'total').
 186                        - value (int): The value associated with the action.
 187                        - math (MathOperation): The mathematical operation performed (if applicable).
 188            - lock (int or None): The timestamp indicating the current lock status (None if not locked).
 189            - report (dict):
 190                - {timestamp} (tuple): A tuple storing Zakat report details.
 191
 192    """
 193
 194    @staticmethod
 195    def Version() -> str:
 196        """
 197        Returns the current version of the software.
 198
 199        This function returns a string representing the current version of the software,
 200        including major, minor, and patch version numbers in the format "X.Y.Z".
 201
 202        Returns:
 203        str: The current version of the software.
 204        """
 205        return '0.2.87'
 206
 207    @staticmethod
 208    def ZakatCut(x: float) -> float:
 209        """
 210        Calculates the Zakat amount due on an asset.
 211
 212        This function calculates the zakat amount due on a given asset value over one lunar year.
 213        Zakat is an Islamic obligatory alms-giving, calculated as a fixed percentage of an individual's wealth
 214        that exceeds a certain threshold (Nisab).
 215
 216        Parameters:
 217        x: The total value of the asset on which Zakat is to be calculated.
 218
 219        Returns:
 220        The amount of Zakat due on the asset, calculated as 2.5% of the asset's value.
 221        """
 222        return 0.025 * x  # Zakat Cut in one Lunar Year
 223
 224    @staticmethod
 225    def TimeCycle(days: int = 355) -> int:
 226        """
 227        Calculates the approximate duration of a lunar year in nanoseconds.
 228
 229        This function calculates the approximate duration of a lunar year based on the given number of days.
 230        It converts the given number of days into nanoseconds for use in high-precision timing applications.
 231
 232        Parameters:
 233        days: The number of days in a lunar year. Defaults to 355,
 234              which is an approximation of the average length of a lunar year.
 235
 236        Returns:
 237        The approximate duration of a lunar year in nanoseconds.
 238        """
 239        return int(60 * 60 * 24 * days * 1e9)  # Lunar Year in nanoseconds
 240
 241    @staticmethod
 242    def Nisab(gram_price: float, gram_quantity: float = 595) -> float:
 243        """
 244        Calculate the total value of Nisab (a unit of weight in Islamic jurisprudence) based on the given price per gram.
 245
 246        This function calculates the Nisab value, which is the minimum threshold of wealth,
 247        that makes an individual liable for paying Zakat.
 248        The Nisab value is determined by the equivalent value of a specific amount
 249        of gold or silver (currently 595 grams in silver) in the local currency.
 250
 251        Parameters:
 252        - gram_price (float): The price per gram of Nisab.
 253        - gram_quantity (float): The quantity of grams in a Nisab. Default is 595 grams of silver.
 254
 255        Returns:
 256        - float: The total value of Nisab based on the given price per gram.
 257        """
 258        return gram_price * gram_quantity
 259
 260    @staticmethod
 261    def ext() -> str:
 262        """
 263        Returns the file extension used by the ZakatTracker class.
 264
 265        Returns:
 266        str: The file extension used by the ZakatTracker class, which is 'camel'.
 267        """
 268        return 'camel'
 269
 270    def __init__(self, db_path: str = "./zakat_db/zakat.camel", history_mode: bool = True):
 271        """
 272        Initialize ZakatTracker with database path and history mode.
 273
 274        Parameters:
 275        db_path (str): The path to the database file. Default is "zakat.camel".
 276        history_mode (bool): The mode for tracking history. Default is True.
 277
 278        Returns:
 279        None
 280        """
 281        self._base_path = None
 282        self._vault_path = None
 283        self._vault = None
 284        self.reset()
 285        self._history(history_mode)
 286        self.path(db_path)
 287
 288    def path(self, path: str = None) -> str:
 289        """
 290        Set or get the path to the database file.
 291
 292        If no path is provided, the current path is returned.
 293        If a path is provided, it is set as the new path.
 294        The function also creates the necessary directories if the provided path is a file.
 295
 296        Parameters:
 297        path (str): The new path to the database file. If not provided, the current path is returned.
 298
 299        Returns:
 300        str: The current or new path to the database file.
 301        """
 302        if path is None:
 303            return self._vault_path
 304        self._vault_path = Path(path).resolve()
 305        base_path = Path(path).resolve()
 306        if base_path.is_file() or base_path.suffix:
 307            base_path = base_path.parent
 308        base_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 309        self._base_path = base_path
 310        return str(self._vault_path)
 311
 312    def base_path(self, *args) -> str:
 313        """
 314        Generate a base path by joining the provided arguments with the existing base path.
 315
 316        Parameters:
 317        *args (str): Variable length argument list of strings to be joined with the base path.
 318
 319        Returns:
 320        str: The generated base path. If no arguments are provided, the existing base path is returned.
 321        """
 322        if not args:
 323            return str(self._base_path)
 324        filtered_args = []
 325        ignored_filename = None
 326        for arg in args:
 327            if Path(arg).suffix:
 328                ignored_filename = arg
 329            else:
 330                filtered_args.append(arg)
 331        base_path = Path(self._base_path)
 332        full_path = base_path.joinpath(*filtered_args)
 333        full_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 334        if ignored_filename is not None:
 335            return full_path.resolve() / ignored_filename  # Join with the ignored filename
 336        return str(full_path.resolve())
 337
 338    @staticmethod
 339    def scale(x: float | int | Decimal, decimal_places: int = 2) -> int:
 340        """
 341        Scales a numerical value by a specified power of 10, returning an integer.
 342
 343        This function is designed to handle various numeric types (`float`, `int`, or `Decimal`) and
 344        facilitate precise scaling operations, particularly useful in financial or scientific calculations.
 345
 346        Parameters:
 347        x: The numeric value to scale. Can be a floating-point number, integer, or decimal.
 348        decimal_places: The exponent for the scaling factor (10**y). Defaults to 2, meaning the input is scaled
 349            by a factor of 100 (e.g., converts 1.23 to 123).
 350
 351        Returns:
 352        The scaled value, rounded to the nearest integer.
 353
 354        Raises:
 355        TypeError: If the input `x` is not a valid numeric type.
 356
 357        Examples:
 358        >>> ZakatTracker.scale(3.14159)
 359        314
 360        >>> ZakatTracker.scale(1234, decimal_places=3)
 361        1234000
 362        >>> ZakatTracker.scale(Decimal("0.005"), decimal_places=4)
 363        50
 364        """
 365        if not isinstance(x, (float, int, Decimal)):
 366            raise TypeError("Input 'x' must be a float, int, or Decimal.")
 367        return int(Decimal(f"{x:.{decimal_places}f}") * (10 ** decimal_places))
 368
 369    @staticmethod
 370    def unscale(x: int, return_type: type = float, decimal_places: int = 2) -> float | Decimal:
 371        """
 372        Unscales an integer by a power of 10.
 373
 374        Parameters:
 375        x: The integer to unscale.
 376        return_type: The desired type for the returned value. Can be float, int, or Decimal. Defaults to float.
 377        decimal_places: The power of 10 to use. Defaults to 2.
 378
 379        Returns:
 380        The unscaled number, converted to the specified return_type.
 381
 382        Raises:
 383        TypeError: If the return_type is not float or Decimal.
 384        """
 385        if return_type not in (float, Decimal):
 386            raise TypeError(f'Invalid return_type({return_type}). Supported types are float, int, and Decimal.')
 387        return round(return_type(x / (10 ** decimal_places)), decimal_places)
 388
 389    def _history(self, status: bool = None) -> bool:
 390        """
 391        Enable or disable history tracking.
 392
 393        Parameters:
 394        status (bool): The status of history tracking. Default is True.
 395
 396        Returns:
 397        None
 398        """
 399        if status is not None:
 400            self._history_mode = status
 401        return self._history_mode
 402
 403    def reset(self) -> None:
 404        """
 405        Reset the internal data structure to its initial state.
 406
 407        Parameters:
 408        None
 409
 410        Returns:
 411        None
 412        """
 413        self._vault = {
 414            'account': {},
 415            'exchange': {},
 416            'history': {},
 417            'lock': None,
 418            'report': {},
 419        }
 420
 421    @staticmethod
 422    def time(now: datetime = None) -> int:
 423        """
 424        Generates a timestamp based on the provided datetime object or the current datetime.
 425
 426        Parameters:
 427        now (datetime, optional): The datetime object to generate the timestamp from.
 428        If not provided, the current datetime is used.
 429
 430        Returns:
 431        int: The timestamp in positive nanoseconds since the Unix epoch (January 1, 1970),
 432            before 1970 will return in negative until 1000AD.
 433        """
 434        if now is None:
 435            now = datetime.datetime.now()
 436        ordinal_day = now.toordinal()
 437        ns_in_day = (now - now.replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)).total_seconds() * 10 ** 9
 438        return int((ordinal_day - 719_163) * 86_400_000_000_000 + ns_in_day)
 439
 440    @staticmethod
 441    def time_to_datetime(ordinal_ns: int) -> datetime:
 442        """
 443        Converts an ordinal number (number of days since 1000-01-01) to a datetime object.
 444
 445        Parameters:
 446        ordinal_ns (int): The ordinal number of days since 1000-01-01.
 447
 448        Returns:
 449        datetime: The corresponding datetime object.
 450        """
 451        ordinal_day = ordinal_ns // 86_400_000_000_000 + 719_163
 452        ns_in_day = ordinal_ns % 86_400_000_000_000
 453        d = datetime.datetime.fromordinal(ordinal_day)
 454        t = datetime.timedelta(seconds=ns_in_day // 10 ** 9)
 455        return datetime.datetime.combine(d, datetime.time()) + t
 456
 457    def clean_history(self, lock: int | None = None) -> int:
 458        """
 459        Cleans up the history of actions performed on the ZakatTracker instance.
 460
 461        Parameters:
 462        lock (int, optional): The lock ID is used to clean up the empty history.
 463            If not provided, it cleans up the empty history records for all locks.
 464
 465        Returns:
 466        int: The number of locks cleaned up.
 467        """
 468        count = 0
 469        if lock in self._vault['history']:
 470            if len(self._vault['history'][lock]) <= 0:
 471                count += 1
 472                del self._vault['history'][lock]
 473            return count
 474        self.free(self.lock())
 475        for lock in self._vault['history']:
 476            if len(self._vault['history'][lock]) <= 0:
 477                count += 1
 478                del self._vault['history'][lock]
 479        return count
 480
 481    def _step(self, action: Action = None, account=None, ref: int = None, file: int = None, value: float = None,
 482              key: str = None, math_operation: MathOperation = None) -> int:
 483        """
 484        This method is responsible for recording the actions performed on the ZakatTracker.
 485
 486        Parameters:
 487        - action (Action): The type of action performed.
 488        - account (str): The account number on which the action was performed.
 489        - ref (int): The reference number of the action.
 490        - file (int): The file reference number of the action.
 491        - value (int): The value associated with the action.
 492        - key (str): The key associated with the action.
 493        - math_operation (MathOperation): The mathematical operation performed during the action.
 494
 495        Returns:
 496        - int: The lock time of the recorded action. If no lock was performed, it returns 0.
 497        """
 498        if not self._history():
 499            return 0
 500        lock = self._vault['lock']
 501        if self.nolock():
 502            lock = self._vault['lock'] = self.time()
 503            self._vault['history'][lock] = []
 504        if action is None:
 505            return lock
 506        self._vault['history'][lock].append({
 507            'action': action,
 508            'account': account,
 509            'ref': ref,
 510            'file': file,
 511            'key': key,
 512            'value': value,
 513            'math': math_operation,
 514        })
 515        return lock
 516
 517    def nolock(self) -> bool:
 518        """
 519        Check if the vault lock is currently not set.
 520
 521        Returns:
 522        bool: True if the vault lock is not set, False otherwise.
 523        """
 524        return self._vault['lock'] is None
 525
 526    def lock(self) -> int:
 527        """
 528        Acquires a lock on the ZakatTracker instance.
 529
 530        Returns:
 531        int: The lock ID. This ID can be used to release the lock later.
 532        """
 533        return self._step()
 534
 535    def vault(self) -> dict:
 536        """
 537        Returns a copy of the internal vault dictionary.
 538
 539        This method is used to retrieve the current state of the ZakatTracker object.
 540        It provides a snapshot of the internal data structure, allowing for further
 541        processing or analysis.
 542
 543        Returns:
 544        dict: A copy of the internal vault dictionary.
 545        """
 546        return self._vault.copy()
 547
 548    def stats(self) -> dict[str, tuple]:
 549        """
 550        Calculates and returns statistics about the object's data storage.
 551
 552        This method determines the size of the database file on disk and the
 553        size of the data currently held in RAM (likely within a dictionary).
 554        Both sizes are reported in bytes and in a human-readable format
 555        (e.g., KB, MB).
 556
 557        Returns:
 558        dict[str, tuple]: A dictionary containing the following statistics:
 559
 560            * 'database': A tuple with two elements:
 561                - The database file size in bytes (int).
 562                - The database file size in human-readable format (str).
 563            * 'ram': A tuple with two elements:
 564                - The RAM usage (dictionary size) in bytes (int).
 565                - The RAM usage in human-readable format (str).
 566
 567        Example:
 568        >>> stats = my_object.stats()
 569        >>> print(stats['database'])
 570        (256000, '250.0 KB')
 571        >>> print(stats['ram'])
 572        (12345, '12.1 KB')
 573        """
 574        ram_size = self.get_dict_size(self.vault())
 575        file_size = os.path.getsize(self.path())
 576        return {
 577            'database': (file_size, self.human_readable_size(file_size)),
 578            'ram': (ram_size, self.human_readable_size(ram_size)),
 579        }
 580
 581    def files(self) -> list[dict[str, str | int]]:
 582        """
 583        Retrieves information about files associated with this class.
 584
 585        This class method provides a standardized way to gather details about
 586        files used by the class for storage, snapshots, and CSV imports.
 587
 588        Returns:
 589        list[dict[str, str | int]]: A list of dictionaries, each containing information
 590            about a specific file:
 591
 592            * type (str): The type of file ('database', 'snapshot', 'import_csv').
 593            * path (str): The full file path.
 594            * exists (bool): Whether the file exists on the filesystem.
 595            * size (int): The file size in bytes (0 if the file doesn't exist).
 596            * human_readable_size (str): A human-friendly representation of the file size (e.g., '10 KB', '2.5 MB').
 597
 598        Example:
 599        ```
 600        file_info = MyClass.files()
 601        for info in file_info:
 602            print(f"Type: {info['type']}, Exists: {info['exists']}, Size: {info['human_readable_size']}")
 603        ```
 604        """
 605        result = []
 606        for file_type, path in {
 607            'database': self.path(),
 608            'snapshot': self.snapshot_cache_path(),
 609            'import_csv': self.import_csv_cache_path(),
 610        }.items():
 611            exists = os.path.exists(path)
 612            size = os.path.getsize(path) if exists else 0
 613            human_readable_size = self.human_readable_size(size) if exists else 0
 614            result.append({
 615                'type': file_type,
 616                'path': path,
 617                'exists': exists,
 618                'size': size,
 619                'human_readable_size': human_readable_size,
 620            })
 621        return result
 622
 623    def steps(self) -> dict:
 624        """
 625        Returns a copy of the history of steps taken in the ZakatTracker.
 626
 627        The history is a dictionary where each key is a unique identifier for a step,
 628        and the corresponding value is a dictionary containing information about the step.
 629
 630        Returns:
 631        dict: A copy of the history of steps taken in the ZakatTracker.
 632        """
 633        return self._vault['history'].copy()
 634
 635    def free(self, lock: int, auto_save: bool = True) -> bool:
 636        """
 637        Releases the lock on the database.
 638
 639        Parameters:
 640        lock (int): The lock ID to be released.
 641        auto_save (bool): Whether to automatically save the database after releasing the lock.
 642
 643        Returns:
 644        bool: True if the lock is successfully released and (optionally) saved, False otherwise.
 645        """
 646        if lock == self._vault['lock']:
 647            self._vault['lock'] = None
 648            self.clean_history(lock)
 649            if auto_save:
 650                return self.save(self.path())
 651            return True
 652        return False
 653
 654    def account_exists(self, account) -> bool:
 655        """
 656        Check if the given account exists in the vault.
 657
 658        Parameters:
 659        account (str): The account number to check.
 660
 661        Returns:
 662        bool: True if the account exists, False otherwise.
 663        """
 664        return account in self._vault['account']
 665
 666    def box_size(self, account) -> int:
 667        """
 668        Calculate the size of the box for a specific account.
 669
 670        Parameters:
 671        account (str): The account number for which the box size needs to be calculated.
 672
 673        Returns:
 674        int: The size of the box for the given account. If the account does not exist, -1 is returned.
 675        """
 676        if self.account_exists(account):
 677            return len(self._vault['account'][account]['box'])
 678        return -1
 679
 680    def log_size(self, account) -> int:
 681        """
 682        Get the size of the log for a specific account.
 683
 684        Parameters:
 685        account (str): The account number for which the log size needs to be calculated.
 686
 687        Returns:
 688        int: The size of the log for the given account. If the account does not exist, -1 is returned.
 689        """
 690        if self.account_exists(account):
 691            return len(self._vault['account'][account]['log'])
 692        return -1
 693
 694    @staticmethod
 695    def file_hash(file_path: str, algorithm: str = "blake2b") -> str:
 696        """
 697        Calculates the hash of a file using the specified algorithm.
 698
 699        Parameters:
 700        file_path (str): The path to the file.
 701        algorithm (str, optional): The hashing algorithm to use. Defaults to "blake2b".
 702
 703        Returns:
 704        str: The hexadecimal representation of the file's hash.
 705        """
 706        hash_obj = hashlib.new(algorithm)  # Create the hash object
 707        with open(file_path, "rb") as f:  # Open file in binary mode for reading
 708            for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(4096), b""):  # Read file in chunks
 709                hash_obj.update(chunk)
 710        return hash_obj.hexdigest()  # Return the hash as a hexadecimal string
 711
 712    def snapshot_cache_path(self):
 713        """
 714        Generate the path for the cache file used to store snapshots.
 715
 716        The cache file is a camel file that stores the timestamps of the snapshots.
 717        The file name is derived from the main database file name by replacing the ".camel" extension with ".snapshots.camel".
 718
 719        Returns:
 720        str: The path to the cache file.
 721        """
 722        path = str(self.path())
 723        ext = self.ext()
 724        ext_len = len(ext)
 725        if path.endswith(f'.{ext}'):
 726            path = path[:-ext_len-1]
 727        _, filename = os.path.split(path + f'.snapshots.{ext}')
 728        return self.base_path(filename)
 729
 730    def snapshot(self) -> bool:
 731        """
 732        This function creates a snapshot of the current database state.
 733
 734        The function calculates the hash of the current database file and checks if a snapshot with the same hash already exists.
 735        If a snapshot with the same hash exists, the function returns True without creating a new snapshot.
 736        If a snapshot with the same hash does not exist, the function creates a new snapshot by saving the current database state
 737        in a new camel file with a unique timestamp as the file name. The function also updates the snapshot cache file with the new snapshot's hash and timestamp.
 738
 739        Parameters:
 740        None
 741
 742        Returns:
 743        bool: True if a snapshot with the same hash already exists or if the snapshot is successfully created. False if the snapshot creation fails.
 744        """
 745        current_hash = self.file_hash(self.path())
 746        cache: dict[str, int] = {}  # hash: time_ns
 747        try:
 748            with open(self.snapshot_cache_path(), 'r') as stream:
 749                cache = camel.load(stream.read())
 750        except:
 751            pass
 752        if current_hash in cache:
 753            return True
 754        time = time_ns()
 755        cache[current_hash] = time
 756        if not self.save(self.base_path('snapshots', f'{time}.{self.ext()}')):
 757            return False
 758        with open(self.snapshot_cache_path(), 'w') as stream:
 759            stream.write(camel.dump(cache))
 760        return True
 761
 762    def snapshots(self, hide_missing: bool = True, verified_hash_only: bool = False) \
 763            -> dict[int, tuple[str, str, bool]]:
 764        """
 765        Retrieve a dictionary of snapshots, with their respective hashes, paths, and existence status.
 766
 767        Parameters:
 768        - hide_missing (bool): If True, only include snapshots that exist in the dictionary. Default is True.
 769        - verified_hash_only (bool): If True, only include snapshots with a valid hash. Default is False.
 770
 771        Returns:
 772        - dict[int, tuple[str, str, bool]]: A dictionary where the keys are the timestamps of the snapshots,
 773        and the values are tuples containing the snapshot's hash, path, and existence status.
 774        """
 775        cache: dict[str, int] = {}  # hash: time_ns
 776        try:
 777            with open(self.snapshot_cache_path(), 'r') as stream:
 778                cache = camel.load(stream.read())
 779        except:
 780            pass
 781        if not cache:
 782            return {}
 783        result: dict[int, tuple[str, str, bool]] = {}  # time_ns: (hash, path, exists)
 784        for file_hash, ref in cache.items():
 785            path = self.base_path('snapshots', f'{ref}.{self.ext()}')
 786            exists = os.path.exists(path)
 787            valid_hash = self.file_hash(path) == file_hash if verified_hash_only else True
 788            if (verified_hash_only and not valid_hash) or (verified_hash_only and not exists):
 789                continue
 790            if exists or not hide_missing:
 791                result[ref] = (file_hash, path, exists)
 792        return result
 793
 794    def recall(self, dry=True, debug=False) -> bool:
 795        """
 796        Revert the last operation.
 797
 798        Parameters:
 799        dry (bool): If True, the function will not modify the data, but will simulate the operation. Default is True.
 800        debug (bool): If True, the function will print debug information. Default is False.
 801
 802        Returns:
 803        bool: True if the operation was successful, False otherwise.
 804        """
 805        if not self.nolock() or len(self._vault['history']) == 0:
 806            return False
 807        if len(self._vault['history']) <= 0:
 808            return False
 809        ref = sorted(self._vault['history'].keys())[-1]
 810        if debug:
 811            print('recall', ref)
 812        memory = self._vault['history'][ref]
 813        if debug:
 814            print(type(memory), 'memory', memory)
 815        limit = len(memory) + 1
 816        sub_positive_log_negative = 0
 817        for i in range(-1, -limit, -1):
 818            x = memory[i]
 819            if debug:
 820                print(type(x), x)
 821            match x['action']:
 822                case Action.CREATE:
 823                    if x['account'] is not None:
 824                        if self.account_exists(x['account']):
 825                            if debug:
 826                                print('account', self._vault['account'][x['account']])
 827                            assert len(self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box']) == 0
 828                            assert self._vault['account'][x['account']]['balance'] == 0
 829                            assert self._vault['account'][x['account']]['count'] == 0
 830                            if dry:
 831                                continue
 832                            del self._vault['account'][x['account']]
 833
 834                case Action.TRACK:
 835                    if x['account'] is not None:
 836                        if self.account_exists(x['account']):
 837                            if dry:
 838                                continue
 839                            self._vault['account'][x['account']]['balance'] -= x['value']
 840                            self._vault['account'][x['account']]['count'] -= 1
 841                            del self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][x['ref']]
 842
 843                case Action.LOG:
 844                    if x['account'] is not None:
 845                        if self.account_exists(x['account']):
 846                            if x['ref'] in self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log']:
 847                                if dry:
 848                                    continue
 849                                if sub_positive_log_negative == -x['value']:
 850                                    self._vault['account'][x['account']]['count'] -= 1
 851                                    sub_positive_log_negative = 0
 852                                box_ref = self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log'][x['ref']]['ref']
 853                                if not box_ref is None:
 854                                    assert self.box_exists(x['account'], box_ref)
 855                                    box_value = self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log'][x['ref']]['value']
 856                                    assert box_value < 0
 857
 858                                    try:
 859                                        self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][box_ref]['rest'] += -box_value
 860                                    except TypeError:
 861                                        self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][box_ref]['rest'] += Decimal(
 862                                            -box_value)
 863
 864                                    try:
 865                                        self._vault['account'][x['account']]['balance'] += -box_value
 866                                    except TypeError:
 867                                        self._vault['account'][x['account']]['balance'] += Decimal(-box_value)
 868
 869                                    self._vault['account'][x['account']]['count'] -= 1
 870                                del self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log'][x['ref']]
 871
 872                case Action.SUB:
 873                    if x['account'] is not None:
 874                        if self.account_exists(x['account']):
 875                            if x['ref'] in self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box']:
 876                                if dry:
 877                                    continue
 878                                self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][x['ref']]['rest'] += x['value']
 879                                self._vault['account'][x['account']]['balance'] += x['value']
 880                                sub_positive_log_negative = x['value']
 881
 882                case Action.ADD_FILE:
 883                    if x['account'] is not None:
 884                        if self.account_exists(x['account']):
 885                            if x['ref'] in self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log']:
 886                                if x['file'] in self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log'][x['ref']]['file']:
 887                                    if dry:
 888                                        continue
 889                                    del self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log'][x['ref']]['file'][x['file']]
 890
 891                case Action.REMOVE_FILE:
 892                    if x['account'] is not None:
 893                        if self.account_exists(x['account']):
 894                            if x['ref'] in self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log']:
 895                                if dry:
 896                                    continue
 897                                self._vault['account'][x['account']]['log'][x['ref']]['file'][x['file']] = x['value']
 898
 899                case Action.BOX_TRANSFER:
 900                    if x['account'] is not None:
 901                        if self.account_exists(x['account']):
 902                            if x['ref'] in self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box']:
 903                                if dry:
 904                                    continue
 905                                self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][x['ref']]['rest'] -= x['value']
 906
 907                case Action.EXCHANGE:
 908                    if x['account'] is not None:
 909                        if x['account'] in self._vault['exchange']:
 910                            if x['ref'] in self._vault['exchange'][x['account']]:
 911                                if dry:
 912                                    continue
 913                                del self._vault['exchange'][x['account']][x['ref']]
 914
 915                case Action.REPORT:
 916                    if x['ref'] in self._vault['report']:
 917                        if dry:
 918                            continue
 919                        del self._vault['report'][x['ref']]
 920
 921                case Action.ZAKAT:
 922                    if x['account'] is not None:
 923                        if self.account_exists(x['account']):
 924                            if x['ref'] in self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box']:
 925                                if x['key'] in self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][x['ref']]:
 926                                    if dry:
 927                                        continue
 928                                    match x['math']:
 929                                        case MathOperation.ADDITION:
 930                                            self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][x['ref']][x['key']] -= x[
 931                                                'value']
 932                                        case MathOperation.EQUAL:
 933                                            self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][x['ref']][x['key']] = x['value']
 934                                        case MathOperation.SUBTRACTION:
 935                                            self._vault['account'][x['account']]['box'][x['ref']][x['key']] += x[
 936                                                'value']
 937
 938        if not dry:
 939            del self._vault['history'][ref]
 940        return True
 941
 942    def ref_exists(self, account: str, ref_type: str, ref: int) -> bool:
 943        """
 944        Check if a specific reference (transaction) exists in the vault for a given account and reference type.
 945
 946        Parameters:
 947        account (str): The account number for which to check the existence of the reference.
 948        ref_type (str): The type of reference (e.g., 'box', 'log', etc.).
 949        ref (int): The reference (transaction) number to check for existence.
 950
 951        Returns:
 952        bool: True if the reference exists for the given account and reference type, False otherwise.
 953        """
 954        if account in self._vault['account']:
 955            return ref in self._vault['account'][account][ref_type]
 956        return False
 957
 958    def box_exists(self, account: str, ref: int) -> bool:
 959        """
 960        Check if a specific box (transaction) exists in the vault for a given account and reference.
 961
 962        Parameters:
 963        - account (str): The account number for which to check the existence of the box.
 964        - ref (int): The reference (transaction) number to check for existence.
 965
 966        Returns:
 967        - bool: True if the box exists for the given account and reference, False otherwise.
 968        """
 969        return self.ref_exists(account, 'box', ref)
 970
 971    def track(self, unscaled_value: float | int | Decimal = 0, desc: str = '', account: str = 1, logging: bool = True,
 972              created: int = None,
 973              debug: bool = False) -> int:
 974        """
 975        This function tracks a transaction for a specific account.
 976
 977        Parameters:
 978        unscaled_value (float | int | Decimal): The value of the transaction. Default is 0.
 979        desc (str): The description of the transaction. Default is an empty string.
 980        account (str): The account for which the transaction is being tracked. Default is '1'.
 981        logging (bool): Whether to log the transaction. Default is True.
 982        created (int): The timestamp of the transaction. If not provided, it will be generated. Default is None.
 983        debug (bool): Whether to print debug information. Default is False.
 984
 985        Returns:
 986        int: The timestamp of the transaction.
 987
 988        This function creates a new account if it doesn't exist, logs the transaction if logging is True, and updates the account's balance and box.
 989
 990        Raises:
 991        ValueError: The log transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time.
 992        ValueError: The box transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time.
 993        """
 994        if debug:
 995            print('track', f'unscaled_value={unscaled_value}, debug={debug}')
 996        if created is None:
 997            created = self.time()
 998        no_lock = self.nolock()
 999        self.lock()
1000        if not self.account_exists(account):
1001            if debug:
1002                print(f"account {account} created")
1003            self._vault['account'][account] = {
1004                'balance': 0,
1005                'box': {},
1006                'count': 0,
1007                'log': {},
1008                'hide': False,
1009                'zakatable': True,
1010            }
1011            self._step(Action.CREATE, account)
1012        if unscaled_value == 0:
1013            if no_lock:
1014                self.free(self.lock())
1015            return 0
1016        value = self.scale(unscaled_value)
1017        if logging:
1018            self._log(value=value, desc=desc, account=account, created=created, ref=None, debug=debug)
1019        if debug:
1020            print('create-box', created)
1021        if self.box_exists(account, created):
1022            raise ValueError(f"The box transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time({created}).")
1023        if debug:
1024            print('created-box', created)
1025        self._vault['account'][account]['box'][created] = {
1026            'capital': value,
1027            'count': 0,
1028            'last': 0,
1029            'rest': value,
1030            'total': 0,
1031        }
1032        self._step(Action.TRACK, account, ref=created, value=value)
1033        if no_lock:
1034            self.free(self.lock())
1035        return created
1036
1037    def log_exists(self, account: str, ref: int) -> bool:
1038        """
1039        Checks if a specific transaction log entry exists for a given account.
1040
1041        Parameters:
1042        account (str): The account number associated with the transaction log.
1043        ref (int): The reference to the transaction log entry.
1044
1045        Returns:
1046        bool: True if the transaction log entry exists, False otherwise.
1047        """
1048        return self.ref_exists(account, 'log', ref)
1049
1050    def _log(self, value: float, desc: str = '', account: str = 1, created: int = None, ref: int = None,
1051             debug: bool = False) -> int:
1052        """
1053        Log a transaction into the account's log.
1054
1055        Parameters:
1056        value (float): The value of the transaction.
1057        desc (str): The description of the transaction.
1058        account (str): The account to log the transaction into. Default is '1'.
1059        created (int): The timestamp of the transaction. If not provided, it will be generated.
1060
1061        Returns:
1062        int: The timestamp of the logged transaction.
1063
1064        This method updates the account's balance, count, and log with the transaction details.
1065        It also creates a step in the history of the transaction.
1066
1067        Raises:
1068        ValueError: The log transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time.
1069        """
1070        if debug:
1071            print('_log', f'debug={debug}')
1072        if created is None:
1073            created = self.time()
1074        try:
1075            self._vault['account'][account]['balance'] += value
1076        except TypeError:
1077            self._vault['account'][account]['balance'] += Decimal(value)
1078        self._vault['account'][account]['count'] += 1
1079        if debug:
1080            print('create-log', created)
1081        if self.log_exists(account, created):
1082            raise ValueError(f"The log transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time({created}).")
1083        if debug:
1084            print('created-log', created)
1085        self._vault['account'][account]['log'][created] = {
1086            'value': value,
1087            'desc': desc,
1088            'ref': ref,
1089            'file': {},
1090        }
1091        self._step(Action.LOG, account, ref=created, value=value)
1092        return created
1093
1094    def exchange(self, account, created: int = None, rate: float = None, description: str = None,
1095                 debug: bool = False) -> dict:
1096        """
1097        This method is used to record or retrieve exchange rates for a specific account.
1098
1099        Parameters:
1100        - account (str): The account number for which the exchange rate is being recorded or retrieved.
1101        - created (int): The timestamp of the exchange rate. If not provided, the current timestamp will be used.
1102        - rate (float): The exchange rate to be recorded. If not provided, the method will retrieve the latest exchange rate.
1103        - description (str): A description of the exchange rate.
1104
1105        Returns:
1106        - dict: A dictionary containing the latest exchange rate and its description. If no exchange rate is found,
1107        it returns a dictionary with default values for the rate and description.
1108        """
1109        if debug:
1110            print('exchange', f'debug={debug}')
1111        if created is None:
1112            created = self.time()
1113        no_lock = self.nolock()
1114        self.lock()
1115        if rate is not None:
1116            if rate <= 0:
1117                return dict()
1118            if account not in self._vault['exchange']:
1119                self._vault['exchange'][account] = {}
1120            if len(self._vault['exchange'][account]) == 0 and rate <= 1:
1121                return {"time": created, "rate": 1, "description": None}
1122            self._vault['exchange'][account][created] = {"rate": rate, "description": description}
1123            self._step(Action.EXCHANGE, account, ref=created, value=rate)
1124            if no_lock:
1125                self.free(self.lock())
1126            if debug:
1127                print("exchange-created-1",
1128                      f'account: {account}, created: {created}, rate:{rate}, description:{description}')
1129
1130        if account in self._vault['exchange']:
1131            valid_rates = [(ts, r) for ts, r in self._vault['exchange'][account].items() if ts <= created]
1132            if valid_rates:
1133                latest_rate = max(valid_rates, key=lambda x: x[0])
1134                if debug:
1135                    print("exchange-read-1",
1136                          f'account: {account}, created: {created}, rate:{rate}, description:{description}',
1137                          'latest_rate', latest_rate)
1138                result = latest_rate[1]
1139                result['time'] = latest_rate[0]
1140                return result  # إرجاع قاموس يحتوي على المعدل والوصف
1141        if debug:
1142            print("exchange-read-0", f'account: {account}, created: {created}, rate:{rate}, description:{description}')
1143        return {"time": created, "rate": 1, "description": None}  # إرجاع القيمة الافتراضية مع وصف فارغ
1144
1145    @staticmethod
1146    def exchange_calc(x: float, x_rate: float, y_rate: float) -> float:
1147        """
1148        This function calculates the exchanged amount of a currency.
1149
1150        Args:
1151            x (float): The original amount of the currency.
1152            x_rate (float): The exchange rate of the original currency.
1153            y_rate (float): The exchange rate of the target currency.
1154
1155        Returns:
1156            float: The exchanged amount of the target currency.
1157        """
1158        return (x * x_rate) / y_rate
1159
1160    def exchanges(self) -> dict:
1161        """
1162        Retrieve the recorded exchange rates for all accounts.
1163
1164        Parameters:
1165        None
1166
1167        Returns:
1168        dict: A dictionary containing all recorded exchange rates.
1169        The keys are account names or numbers, and the values are dictionaries containing the exchange rates.
1170        Each exchange rate dictionary has timestamps as keys and exchange rate details as values.
1171        """
1172        return self._vault['exchange'].copy()
1173
1174    def accounts(self) -> dict:
1175        """
1176        Returns a dictionary containing account numbers as keys and their respective balances as values.
1177
1178        Parameters:
1179        None
1180
1181        Returns:
1182        dict: A dictionary where keys are account numbers and values are their respective balances.
1183        """
1184        result = {}
1185        for i in self._vault['account']:
1186            result[i] = self._vault['account'][i]['balance']
1187        return result
1188
1189    def boxes(self, account) -> dict:
1190        """
1191        Retrieve the boxes (transactions) associated with a specific account.
1192
1193        Parameters:
1194        account (str): The account number for which to retrieve the boxes.
1195
1196        Returns:
1197        dict: A dictionary containing the boxes associated with the given account.
1198        If the account does not exist, an empty dictionary is returned.
1199        """
1200        if self.account_exists(account):
1201            return self._vault['account'][account]['box']
1202        return {}
1203
1204    def logs(self, account) -> dict:
1205        """
1206        Retrieve the logs (transactions) associated with a specific account.
1207
1208        Parameters:
1209        account (str): The account number for which to retrieve the logs.
1210
1211        Returns:
1212        dict: A dictionary containing the logs associated with the given account.
1213        If the account does not exist, an empty dictionary is returned.
1214        """
1215        if self.account_exists(account):
1216            return self._vault['account'][account]['log']
1217        return {}
1218
1219    def add_file(self, account: str, ref: int, path: str) -> int:
1220        """
1221        Adds a file reference to a specific transaction log entry in the vault.
1222
1223        Parameters:
1224        account (str): The account number associated with the transaction log.
1225        ref (int): The reference to the transaction log entry.
1226        path (str): The path of the file to be added.
1227
1228        Returns:
1229        int: The reference of the added file. If the account or transaction log entry does not exist, returns 0.
1230        """
1231        if self.account_exists(account):
1232            if ref in self._vault['account'][account]['log']:
1233                file_ref = self.time()
1234                self._vault['account'][account]['log'][ref]['file'][file_ref] = path
1235                no_lock = self.nolock()
1236                self.lock()
1237                self._step(Action.ADD_FILE, account, ref=ref, file=file_ref)
1238                if no_lock:
1239                    self.free(self.lock())
1240                return file_ref
1241        return 0
1242
1243    def remove_file(self, account: str, ref: int, file_ref: int) -> bool:
1244        """
1245        Removes a file reference from a specific transaction log entry in the vault.
1246
1247        Parameters:
1248        account (str): The account number associated with the transaction log.
1249        ref (int): The reference to the transaction log entry.
1250        file_ref (int): The reference of the file to be removed.
1251
1252        Returns:
1253        bool: True if the file reference is successfully removed, False otherwise.
1254        """
1255        if self.account_exists(account):
1256            if ref in self._vault['account'][account]['log']:
1257                if file_ref in self._vault['account'][account]['log'][ref]['file']:
1258                    x = self._vault['account'][account]['log'][ref]['file'][file_ref]
1259                    del self._vault['account'][account]['log'][ref]['file'][file_ref]
1260                    no_lock = self.nolock()
1261                    self.lock()
1262                    self._step(Action.REMOVE_FILE, account, ref=ref, file=file_ref, value=x)
1263                    if no_lock:
1264                        self.free(self.lock())
1265                    return True
1266        return False
1267
1268    def balance(self, account: str = 1, cached: bool = True) -> int:
1269        """
1270        Calculate and return the balance of a specific account.
1271
1272        Parameters:
1273        account (str): The account number. Default is '1'.
1274        cached (bool): If True, use the cached balance. If False, calculate the balance from the box. Default is True.
1275
1276        Returns:
1277        int: The balance of the account.
1278
1279        Note:
1280        If cached is True, the function returns the cached balance.
1281        If cached is False, the function calculates the balance from the box by summing up the 'rest' values of all box items.
1282        """
1283        if cached:
1284            return self._vault['account'][account]['balance']
1285        x = 0
1286        return [x := x + y['rest'] for y in self._vault['account'][account]['box'].values()][-1]
1287
1288    def hide(self, account, status: bool = None) -> bool:
1289        """
1290        Check or set the hide status of a specific account.
1291
1292        Parameters:
1293        account (str): The account number.
1294        status (bool, optional): The new hide status. If not provided, the function will return the current status.
1295
1296        Returns:
1297        bool: The current or updated hide status of the account.
1298
1299        Raises:
1300        None
1301
1302        Example:
1303        >>> tracker = ZakatTracker()
1304        >>> ref = tracker.track(51, 'desc', 'account1')
1305        >>> tracker.hide('account1')  # Set the hide status of 'account1' to True
1306        False
1307        >>> tracker.hide('account1', True)  # Set the hide status of 'account1' to True
1308        True
1309        >>> tracker.hide('account1')  # Get the hide status of 'account1' by default
1310        True
1311        >>> tracker.hide('account1', False)
1312        False
1313        """
1314        if self.account_exists(account):
1315            if status is None:
1316                return self._vault['account'][account]['hide']
1317            self._vault['account'][account]['hide'] = status
1318            return status
1319        return False
1320
1321    def zakatable(self, account, status: bool = None) -> bool:
1322        """
1323        Check or set the zakatable status of a specific account.
1324
1325        Parameters:
1326        account (str): The account number.
1327        status (bool, optional): The new zakatable status. If not provided, the function will return the current status.
1328
1329        Returns:
1330        bool: The current or updated zakatable status of the account.
1331
1332        Raises:
1333        None
1334
1335        Example:
1336        >>> tracker = ZakatTracker()
1337        >>> ref = tracker.track(51, 'desc', 'account1')
1338        >>> tracker.zakatable('account1')  # Set the zakatable status of 'account1' to True
1339        True
1340        >>> tracker.zakatable('account1', True)  # Set the zakatable status of 'account1' to True
1341        True
1342        >>> tracker.zakatable('account1')  # Get the zakatable status of 'account1' by default
1343        True
1344        >>> tracker.zakatable('account1', False)
1345        False
1346        """
1347        if self.account_exists(account):
1348            if status is None:
1349                return self._vault['account'][account]['zakatable']
1350            self._vault['account'][account]['zakatable'] = status
1351            return status
1352        return False
1353
1354    def sub(self, unscaled_value: float | int | Decimal, desc: str = '', account: str = 1, created: int = None,
1355            debug: bool = False) \
1356            -> tuple[
1357                int,
1358                list[
1359                    tuple[int, int],
1360                ],
1361            ] | tuple:
1362        """
1363        Subtracts a specified value from an account's balance.
1364
1365        Parameters:
1366        unscaled_value (float | int | Decimal): The amount to be subtracted.
1367        desc (str): A description for the transaction. Defaults to an empty string.
1368        account (str): The account from which the value will be subtracted. Defaults to '1'.
1369        created (int): The timestamp of the transaction. If not provided, the current timestamp will be used.
1370        debug (bool): A flag indicating whether to print debug information. Defaults to False.
1371
1372        Returns:
1373        tuple: A tuple containing the timestamp of the transaction and a list of tuples representing the age of each transaction.
1374
1375        If the amount to subtract is greater than the account's balance,
1376        the remaining amount will be transferred to a new transaction with a negative value.
1377
1378        Raises:
1379        ValueError: The box transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time.
1380        ValueError: The log transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time.
1381        """
1382        if debug:
1383            print('sub', f'debug={debug}')
1384        if unscaled_value < 0:
1385            return tuple()
1386        if unscaled_value == 0:
1387            ref = self.track(unscaled_value, '', account)
1388            return ref, ref
1389        if created is None:
1390            created = self.time()
1391        no_lock = self.nolock()
1392        self.lock()
1393        self.track(0, '', account)
1394        value = self.scale(unscaled_value)
1395        self._log(value=-value, desc=desc, account=account, created=created, ref=None, debug=debug)
1396        ids = sorted(self._vault['account'][account]['box'].keys())
1397        limit = len(ids) + 1
1398        target = value
1399        if debug:
1400            print('ids', ids)
1401        ages = []
1402        for i in range(-1, -limit, -1):
1403            if target == 0:
1404                break
1405            j = ids[i]
1406            if debug:
1407                print('i', i, 'j', j)
1408            rest = self._vault['account'][account]['box'][j]['rest']
1409            if rest >= target:
1410                self._vault['account'][account]['box'][j]['rest'] -= target
1411                self._step(Action.SUB, account, ref=j, value=target)
1412                ages.append((j, target))
1413                target = 0
1414                break
1415            elif target > rest > 0:
1416                chunk = rest
1417                target -= chunk
1418                self._step(Action.SUB, account, ref=j, value=chunk)
1419                ages.append((j, chunk))
1420                self._vault['account'][account]['box'][j]['rest'] = 0
1421        if target > 0:
1422            self.track(
1423                unscaled_value=self.unscale(-target),
1424                desc=desc,
1425                account=account,
1426                logging=False,
1427                created=created,
1428            )
1429            ages.append((created, target))
1430        if no_lock:
1431            self.free(self.lock())
1432        return created, ages
1433
1434    def transfer(self, unscaled_amount: float | int | Decimal, from_account: str, to_account: str, desc: str = '',
1435                 created: int = None,
1436                 debug: bool = False) -> list[int]:
1437        """
1438        Transfers a specified value from one account to another.
1439
1440        Parameters:
1441        unscaled_amount (float | int | Decimal): The amount to be transferred.
1442        from_account (str): The account from which the value will be transferred.
1443        to_account (str): The account to which the value will be transferred.
1444        desc (str, optional): A description for the transaction. Defaults to an empty string.
1445        created (int, optional): The timestamp of the transaction. If not provided, the current timestamp will be used.
1446        debug (bool): A flag indicating whether to print debug information. Defaults to False.
1447
1448        Returns:
1449        list[int]: A list of timestamps corresponding to the transactions made during the transfer.
1450
1451        Raises:
1452        ValueError: Transfer to the same account is forbidden.
1453        ValueError: The box transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time.
1454        ValueError: The log transaction happened again in the same nanosecond time.
1455        """
1456        if debug:
1457            print('transfer', f'debug={debug}')
1458        if from_account == to_account:
1459            raise ValueError(f'Transfer to the same account is forbidden. {to_account}')
1460        if unscaled_amount <= 0:
1461            return []
1462        if created is None:
1463            created = self.time()
1464        (_, ages) = self.sub(unscaled_amount, desc, from_account, created, debug=debug)
1465        times = []
1466        source_exchange = self.exchange(from_account, created)
1467        target_exchange = self.exchange(to_account, created)
1468
1469        if debug:
1470            print('ages', ages)
1471
1472        for age, value in ages:
1473            target_amount = int(self.exchange_calc(value, source_exchange['rate'], target_exchange['rate']))
1474            if debug:
1475                print('target_amount', target_amount)
1476            # Perform the transfer
1477            if self.box_exists(to_account, age):
1478                if debug:
1479                    print('box_exists', age)
1480                capital = self._vault['account'][to_account]['box'][age]['capital']
1481                rest = self._vault['account'][to_account]['box'][age]['rest']
1482                if debug:
1483                    print(
1484                        f"Transfer(loop) {value} from `{from_account}` to `{to_account}` (equivalent to {target_amount} `{to_account}`).")
1485                selected_age = age
1486                if rest + target_amount > capital:
1487                    self._vault['account'][to_account]['box'][age]['capital'] += target_amount
1488                    selected_age = ZakatTracker.time()
1489                self._vault['account'][to_account]['box'][age]['rest'] += target_amount
1490                self._step(Action.BOX_TRANSFER, to_account, ref=selected_age, value=target_amount)
1491                y = self._log(value=target_amount, desc=f'TRANSFER {from_account} -> {to_account}', account=to_account,
1492                              created=None, ref=None, debug=debug)
1493                times.append((age, y))
1494                continue
1495            if debug:
1496                print(
1497                    f"Transfer(func) {value} from `{from_account}` to `{to_account}` (equivalent to {target_amount} `{to_account}`).")
1498            y = self.track(
1499                unscaled_value=self.unscale(int(target_amount)),
1500                desc=desc,
1501                account=to_account,
1502                logging=True,
1503                created=age,
1504                debug=debug,
1505            )
1506            times.append(y)
1507        return times
1508
1509    def check(self, silver_gram_price: float, unscaled_nisab: float | int | Decimal = None, debug: bool = False, now: int = None,
1510              cycle: float = None) -> tuple:
1511        """
1512        Check the eligibility for Zakat based on the given parameters.
1513
1514        Parameters:
1515        silver_gram_price (float): The price of a gram of silver.
1516        unscaled_nisab (float | int | Decimal): The minimum amount of wealth required for Zakat. If not provided,
1517                        it will be calculated based on the silver_gram_price.
1518        debug (bool): Flag to enable debug mode.
1519        now (int): The current timestamp. If not provided, it will be calculated using ZakatTracker.time().
1520        cycle (float): The time cycle for Zakat. If not provided, it will be calculated using ZakatTracker.TimeCycle().
1521
1522        Returns:
1523        tuple: A tuple containing a boolean indicating the eligibility for Zakat, a list of brief statistics,
1524        and a dictionary containing the Zakat plan.
1525        """
1526        if debug:
1527            print('check', f'debug={debug}')
1528        if now is None:
1529            now = self.time()
1530        if cycle is None:
1531            cycle = ZakatTracker.TimeCycle()
1532        if unscaled_nisab is None:
1533            unscaled_nisab = ZakatTracker.Nisab(silver_gram_price)
1534        nisab = self.scale(unscaled_nisab)
1535        plan = {}
1536        below_nisab = 0
1537        brief = [0, 0, 0]
1538        valid = False
1539        if debug:
1540            print('exchanges', self.exchanges())
1541        for x in self._vault['account']:
1542            if not self.zakatable(x):
1543                continue
1544            _box = self._vault['account'][x]['box']
1545            _log = self._vault['account'][x]['log']
1546            limit = len(_box) + 1
1547            ids = sorted(self._vault['account'][x]['box'].keys())
1548            for i in range(-1, -limit, -1):
1549                j = ids[i]
1550                rest = float(_box[j]['rest'])
1551                if rest <= 0:
1552                    continue
1553                exchange = self.exchange(x, created=self.time())
1554                rest = ZakatTracker.exchange_calc(rest, float(exchange['rate']), 1)
1555                brief[0] += rest
1556                index = limit + i - 1
1557                epoch = (now - j) / cycle
1558                if debug:
1559                    print(f"Epoch: {epoch}", _box[j])
1560                if _box[j]['last'] > 0:
1561                    epoch = (now - _box[j]['last']) / cycle
1562                if debug:
1563                    print(f"Epoch: {epoch}")
1564                epoch = floor(epoch)
1565                if debug:
1566                    print(f"Epoch: {epoch}", type(epoch), epoch == 0, 1 - epoch, epoch)
1567                if epoch == 0:
1568                    continue
1569                if debug:
1570                    print("Epoch - PASSED")
1571                brief[1] += rest
1572                if rest >= nisab:
1573                    total = 0
1574                    for _ in range(epoch):
1575                        total += ZakatTracker.ZakatCut(float(rest) - float(total))
1576                    if total > 0:
1577                        if x not in plan:
1578                            plan[x] = {}
1579                        valid = True
1580                        brief[2] += total
1581                        plan[x][index] = {
1582                            'total': total,
1583                            'count': epoch,
1584                            'box_time': j,
1585                            'box_capital': _box[j]['capital'],
1586                            'box_rest': _box[j]['rest'],
1587                            'box_last': _box[j]['last'],
1588                            'box_total': _box[j]['total'],
1589                            'box_count': _box[j]['count'],
1590                            'box_log': _log[j]['desc'],
1591                            'exchange_rate': exchange['rate'],
1592                            'exchange_time': exchange['time'],
1593                            'exchange_desc': exchange['description'],
1594                        }
1595                else:
1596                    chunk = ZakatTracker.ZakatCut(float(rest))
1597                    if chunk > 0:
1598                        if x not in plan:
1599                            plan[x] = {}
1600                        if j not in plan[x].keys():
1601                            plan[x][index] = {}
1602                        below_nisab += rest
1603                        brief[2] += chunk
1604                        plan[x][index]['below_nisab'] = chunk
1605                        plan[x][index]['total'] = chunk
1606                        plan[x][index]['count'] = epoch
1607                        plan[x][index]['box_time'] = j
1608                        plan[x][index]['box_capital'] = _box[j]['capital']
1609                        plan[x][index]['box_rest'] = _box[j]['rest']
1610                        plan[x][index]['box_last'] = _box[j]['last']
1611                        plan[x][index]['box_total'] = _box[j]['total']
1612                        plan[x][index]['box_count'] = _box[j]['count']
1613                        plan[x][index]['box_log'] = _log[j]['desc']
1614                        plan[x][index]['exchange_rate'] = exchange['rate']
1615                        plan[x][index]['exchange_time'] = exchange['time']
1616                        plan[x][index]['exchange_desc'] = exchange['description']
1617        valid = valid or below_nisab >= nisab
1618        if debug:
1619            print(f"below_nisab({below_nisab}) >= nisab({nisab})")
1620        return valid, brief, plan
1621
1622    def build_payment_parts(self, demand: float, positive_only: bool = True) -> dict:
1623        """
1624        Build payment parts for the Zakat distribution.
1625
1626        Parameters:
1627        demand (float): The total demand for payment in local currency.
1628        positive_only (bool): If True, only consider accounts with positive balance. Default is True.
1629
1630        Returns:
1631        dict: A dictionary containing the payment parts for each account. The dictionary has the following structure:
1632        {
1633            'account': {
1634                'account_id': {'balance': float, 'rate': float, 'part': float},
1635                ...
1636            },
1637            'exceed': bool,
1638            'demand': float,
1639            'total': float,
1640        }
1641        """
1642        total = 0
1643        parts = {
1644            'account': {},
1645            'exceed': False,
1646            'demand': demand,
1647        }
1648        for x, y in self.accounts().items():
1649            if positive_only and y <= 0:
1650                continue
1651            total += float(y)
1652            exchange = self.exchange(x)
1653            parts['account'][x] = {'balance': y, 'rate': exchange['rate'], 'part': 0}
1654        parts['total'] = total
1655        return parts
1656
1657    @staticmethod
1658    def check_payment_parts(parts: dict, debug: bool = False) -> int:
1659        """
1660        Checks the validity of payment parts.
1661
1662        Parameters:
1663        parts (dict): A dictionary containing payment parts information.
1664        debug (bool): Flag to enable debug mode.
1665
1666        Returns:
1667        int: Returns 0 if the payment parts are valid, otherwise returns the error code.
1668
1669        Error Codes:
1670        1: 'demand', 'account', 'total', or 'exceed' key is missing in parts.
1671        2: 'balance', 'rate' or 'part' key is missing in parts['account'][x].
1672        3: 'part' value in parts['account'][x] is less than 0.
1673        4: If 'exceed' is False, 'balance' value in parts['account'][x] is less than or equal to 0.
1674        5: If 'exceed' is False, 'part' value in parts['account'][x] is greater than 'balance' value.
1675        6: The sum of 'part' values in parts['account'] does not match with 'demand' value.
1676        """
1677        if debug:
1678            print('check_payment_parts', f'debug={debug}')
1679        for i in ['demand', 'account', 'total', 'exceed']:
1680            if i not in parts:
1681                return 1
1682        exceed = parts['exceed']
1683        for x in parts['account']:
1684            for j in ['balance', 'rate', 'part']:
1685                if j not in parts['account'][x]:
1686                    return 2
1687                if parts['account'][x]['part'] < 0:
1688                    return 3
1689                if not exceed and parts['account'][x]['balance'] <= 0:
1690                    return 4
1691        demand = parts['demand']
1692        z = 0
1693        for _, y in parts['account'].items():
1694            if not exceed and y['part'] > y['balance']:
1695                return 5
1696            z += ZakatTracker.exchange_calc(y['part'], y['rate'], 1)
1697        z = round(z, 2)
1698        demand = round(demand, 2)
1699        if debug:
1700            print('check_payment_parts', f'z = {z}, demand = {demand}')
1701            print('check_payment_parts', type(z), type(demand))
1702            print('check_payment_parts', z != demand)
1703            print('check_payment_parts', str(z) != str(demand))
1704        if z != demand and str(z) != str(demand):
1705            return 6
1706        return 0
1707
1708    def zakat(self, report: tuple, parts: Dict[str, Dict | bool | Any] = None, debug: bool = False) -> bool:
1709        """
1710        Perform Zakat calculation based on the given report and optional parts.
1711
1712        Parameters:
1713        report (tuple): A tuple containing the validity of the report, the report data, and the zakat plan.
1714        parts (dict): A dictionary containing the payment parts for the zakat.
1715        debug (bool): A flag indicating whether to print debug information.
1716
1717        Returns:
1718        bool: True if the zakat calculation is successful, False otherwise.
1719        """
1720        if debug:
1721            print('zakat', f'debug={debug}')
1722        valid, _, plan = report
1723        if not valid:
1724            return valid
1725        parts_exist = parts is not None
1726        if parts_exist:
1727            if self.check_payment_parts(parts, debug=debug) != 0:
1728                return False
1729        if debug:
1730            print('######### zakat #######')
1731            print('parts_exist', parts_exist)
1732        no_lock = self.nolock()
1733        self.lock()
1734        report_time = self.time()
1735        self._vault['report'][report_time] = report
1736        self._step(Action.REPORT, ref=report_time)
1737        created = self.time()
1738        for x in plan:
1739            target_exchange = self.exchange(x)
1740            if debug:
1741                print(plan[x])
1742                print('-------------')
1743                print(self._vault['account'][x]['box'])
1744            ids = sorted(self._vault['account'][x]['box'].keys())
1745            if debug:
1746                print('plan[x]', plan[x])
1747            for i in plan[x].keys():
1748                j = ids[i]
1749                if debug:
1750                    print('i', i, 'j', j)
1751                self._step(Action.ZAKAT, account=x, ref=j, value=self._vault['account'][x]['box'][j]['last'],
1752                           key='last',
1753                           math_operation=MathOperation.EQUAL)
1754                self._vault['account'][x]['box'][j]['last'] = created
1755                amount = ZakatTracker.exchange_calc(float(plan[x][i]['total']), 1, float(target_exchange['rate']))
1756                self._vault['account'][x]['box'][j]['total'] += amount
1757                self._step(Action.ZAKAT, account=x, ref=j, value=amount, key='total',
1758                           math_operation=MathOperation.ADDITION)
1759                self._vault['account'][x]['box'][j]['count'] += plan[x][i]['count']
1760                self._step(Action.ZAKAT, account=x, ref=j, value=plan[x][i]['count'], key='count',
1761                           math_operation=MathOperation.ADDITION)
1762                if not parts_exist:
1763                    try:
1764                        self._vault['account'][x]['box'][j]['rest'] -= amount
1765                    except TypeError:
1766                        self._vault['account'][x]['box'][j]['rest'] -= Decimal(amount)
1767                    # self._step(Action.ZAKAT, account=x, ref=j, value=amount, key='rest',
1768                    #            math_operation=MathOperation.SUBTRACTION)
1769                    self._log(-float(amount), desc='zakat-زكاة', account=x, created=None, ref=j, debug=debug)
1770        if parts_exist:
1771            for account, part in parts['account'].items():
1772                if part['part'] == 0:
1773                    continue
1774                if debug:
1775                    print('zakat-part', account, part['rate'])
1776                target_exchange = self.exchange(account)
1777                amount = ZakatTracker.exchange_calc(part['part'], part['rate'], target_exchange['rate'])
1778                self.sub(amount, desc='zakat-part-دفعة-زكاة', account=account, debug=debug)
1779        if no_lock:
1780            self.free(self.lock())
1781        return True
1782
1783    def export_json(self, path: str = "data.json") -> bool:
1784        """
1785        Exports the current state of the ZakatTracker object to a JSON file.
1786
1787        Parameters:
1788        path (str): The path where the JSON file will be saved. Default is "data.json".
1789
1790        Returns:
1791        bool: True if the export is successful, False otherwise.
1792
1793        Raises:
1794        No specific exceptions are raised by this method.
1795        """
1796        with open(path, "w") as file:
1797            json.dump(self._vault, file, indent=4, cls=JSONEncoder)
1798            return True
1799
1800    def save(self, path: str = None) -> bool:
1801        """
1802        Saves the ZakatTracker's current state to a camel file.
1803
1804        This method serializes the internal data (`_vault`).
1805
1806        Parameters:
1807        path (str, optional): File path for saving. Defaults to a predefined location.
1808
1809        Returns:
1810        bool: True if the save operation is successful, False otherwise.
1811        """
1812        if path is None:
1813            path = self.path()
1814        with open(f'{path}.tmp', 'w') as stream:
1815            # first save in tmp file
1816            stream.write(camel.dump(self._vault))
1817            # then move tmp file to original location
1818            shutil.move(f'{path}.tmp', path)
1819            return True
1820
1821    def load(self, path: str = None) -> bool:
1822        """
1823        Load the current state of the ZakatTracker object from a camel file.
1824
1825        Parameters:
1826        path (str): The path where the camel file is located. If not provided, it will use the default path.
1827
1828        Returns:
1829        bool: True if the load operation is successful, False otherwise.
1830        """
1831        if path is None:
1832            path = self.path()
1833        if os.path.exists(path):
1834            with open(path, 'r') as stream:
1835                self._vault = camel.load(stream.read())
1836                return True
1837        return False
1838
1839    def import_csv_cache_path(self):
1840        """
1841        Generates the cache file path for imported CSV data.
1842
1843        This function constructs the file path where cached data from CSV imports
1844        will be stored. The cache file is a camel file (.camel extension) appended
1845        to the base path of the object.
1846
1847        Returns:
1848        str: The full path to the import CSV cache file.
1849
1850        Example:
1851            >>> obj = ZakatTracker('/data/reports')
1852            >>> obj.import_csv_cache_path()
1853            '/data/reports.import_csv.camel'
1854        """
1855        path = str(self.path())
1856        ext = self.ext()
1857        ext_len = len(ext)
1858        if path.endswith(f'.{ext}'):
1859            path = path[:-ext_len-1]
1860        _, filename = os.path.split(path + f'.import_csv.{ext}')
1861        return self.base_path(filename)
1862
1863    def import_csv(self, path: str = 'file.csv', scale_decimal_places: int = 0, debug: bool = False) -> tuple:
1864        """
1865        The function reads the CSV file, checks for duplicate transactions, and creates the transactions in the system.
1866
1867        Parameters:
1868        path (str): The path to the CSV file. Default is 'file.csv'.
1869        scale_decimal_places (int): The number of decimal places to scale the value. Default is 0.
1870        debug (bool): A flag indicating whether to print debug information.
1871
1872        Returns:
1873        tuple: A tuple containing the number of transactions created, the number of transactions found in the cache,
1874                and a dictionary of bad transactions.
1875
1876        Notes:
1877            * Currency Pair Assumption: This function assumes that the exchange rates stored for each account
1878                                        are appropriate for the currency pairs involved in the conversions.
1879            * The exchange rate for each account is based on the last encountered transaction rate that is not equal
1880                to 1.0 or the previous rate for that account.
1881            * Those rates will be merged into the exchange rates main data, and later it will be used for all subsequent
1882              transactions of the same account within the whole imported and existing dataset when doing `check` and
1883              `zakat` operations.
1884
1885        Example Usage:
1886            The CSV file should have the following format, rate is optional per transaction:
1887            account, desc, value, date, rate
1888            For example:
1889            safe-45, "Some text", 34872, 1988-06-30 00:00:00, 1
1890        """
1891        if debug:
1892            print('import_csv', f'debug={debug}')
1893        cache: list[int] = []
1894        try:
1895            with open(self.import_csv_cache_path(), 'r') as stream:
1896                cache = camel.load(stream.read())
1897        except:
1898            pass
1899        date_formats = [
1900            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
1901            "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
1902            "%Y-%m-%dT%H%M%S",
1903            "%Y-%m-%d",
1904        ]
1905        created, found, bad = 0, 0, {}
1906        data: dict[int, list] = {}
1907        with open(path, newline='', encoding="utf-8") as f:
1908            i = 0
1909            for row in csv.reader(f, delimiter=','):
1910                i += 1
1911                hashed = hash(tuple(row))
1912                if hashed in cache:
1913                    found += 1
1914                    continue
1915                account = row[0]
1916                desc = row[1]
1917                value = float(row[2])
1918                rate = 1.0
1919                if row[4:5]:  # Empty list if index is out of range
1920                    rate = float(row[4])
1921                date: int = 0
1922                for time_format in date_formats:
1923                    try:
1924                        date = self.time(datetime.datetime.strptime(row[3], time_format))
1925                        break
1926                    except:
1927                        pass
1928                # TODO: not allowed for negative dates in the future after enhance time functions
1929                if date == 0:
1930                    bad[i] = row + ['invalid date']
1931                if value == 0:
1932                    bad[i] = row + ['invalid value']
1933                    continue
1934                if date not in data:
1935                    data[date] = []
1936                data[date].append((i, account, desc, value, date, rate, hashed))
1937
1938        if debug:
1939            print('import_csv', len(data))
1940
1941        if bad:
1942            return created, found, bad
1943
1944        for date, rows in sorted(data.items()):
1945            try:
1946                len_rows = len(rows)
1947                if len_rows == 1:
1948                    (_, account, desc, unscaled_value, date, rate, hashed) = rows[0]
1949                    value = self.unscale(unscaled_value, decimal_places=scale_decimal_places) if scale_decimal_places > 0 else unscaled_value
1950                    if rate > 0:
1951                        self.exchange(account=account, created=date, rate=rate)
1952                    if value > 0:
1953                        self.track(unscaled_value=value, desc=desc, account=account, logging=True, created=date)
1954                    elif value < 0:
1955                        self.sub(unscaled_value=-value, desc=desc, account=account, created=date)
1956                    created += 1
1957                    cache.append(hashed)
1958                    continue
1959                if debug:
1960                    print('-- Duplicated time detected', date, 'len', len_rows)
1961                    print(rows)
1962                    print('---------------------------------')
1963                # If records are found at the same time with different accounts in the same amount
1964                # (one positive and the other negative), this indicates it is a transfer.
1965                if len_rows != 2:
1966                    raise Exception(f'more than two transactions({len_rows}) at the same time')
1967                (i, account1, desc1, unscaled_value1, date1, rate1, _) = rows[0]
1968                (j, account2, desc2, unscaled_value2, date2, rate2, _) = rows[1]
1969                if account1 == account2 or desc1 != desc2 or abs(unscaled_value1) != abs(unscaled_value2) or date1 != date2:
1970                    raise Exception('invalid transfer')
1971                if rate1 > 0:
1972                    self.exchange(account1, created=date1, rate=rate1)
1973                if rate2 > 0:
1974                    self.exchange(account2, created=date2, rate=rate2)
1975                value1 = self.unscale(unscaled_value1, decimal_places=scale_decimal_places) if scale_decimal_places > 0 else unscaled_value1
1976                value2 = self.unscale(unscaled_value2, decimal_places=scale_decimal_places) if scale_decimal_places > 0 else unscaled_value2
1977                values = {
1978                    value1: account1,
1979                    value2: account2,
1980                }
1981                self.transfer(
1982                    unscaled_amount=abs(value1),
1983                    from_account=values[min(values.keys())],
1984                    to_account=values[max(values.keys())],
1985                    desc=desc1,
1986                    created=date1,
1987                )
1988            except Exception as e:
1989                for (i, account, desc, value, date, rate, _) in rows:
1990                    bad[i] = (account, desc, value, date, rate, e)
1991                break
1992        with open(self.import_csv_cache_path(), 'w') as stream:
1993            stream.write(camel.dump(cache))
1994        return created, found, bad
1995
1996    ########
1997    # TESTS #
1998    #######
1999
2000    @staticmethod
2001    def human_readable_size(size: float, decimal_places: int = 2) -> str:
2002        """
2003        Converts a size in bytes to a human-readable format (e.g., KB, MB, GB).
2004
2005        This function iterates through progressively larger units of information
2006        (B, KB, MB, GB, etc.) and divides the input size until it fits within a
2007        range that can be expressed with a reasonable number before the unit.
2008
2009        Parameters:
2010        size (float): The size in bytes to convert.
2011        decimal_places (int, optional): The number of decimal places to display
2012            in the result. Defaults to 2.
2013
2014        Returns:
2015        str: A string representation of the size in a human-readable format,
2016            rounded to the specified number of decimal places. For example:
2017                - "1.50 KB" (1536 bytes)
2018                - "23.00 MB" (24117248 bytes)
2019                - "1.23 GB" (1325899906 bytes)
2020        """
2021        if type(size) not in (float, int):
2022            raise TypeError("size must be a float or integer")
2023        if type(decimal_places) != int:
2024            raise TypeError("decimal_places must be an integer")
2025        for unit in ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB', 'EB', 'ZB', 'YB']:
2026            if size < 1024.0:
2027                break
2028            size /= 1024.0
2029        return f"{size:.{decimal_places}f} {unit}"
2030
2031    @staticmethod
2032    def get_dict_size(obj: dict, seen: set = None) -> float:
2033        """
2034        Recursively calculates the approximate memory size of a dictionary and its contents in bytes.
2035
2036        This function traverses the dictionary structure, accounting for the size of keys, values,
2037        and any nested objects. It handles various data types commonly found in dictionaries
2038        (e.g., lists, tuples, sets, numbers, strings) and prevents infinite recursion in case
2039        of circular references.
2040
2041        Parameters:
2042        obj (dict): The dictionary whose size is to be calculated.
2043        seen (set, optional): A set used internally to track visited objects
2044                             and avoid circular references. Defaults to None.
2045
2046        Returns:
2047            float: An approximate size of the dictionary and its contents in bytes.
2048
2049        Note:
2050        - This function is a method of the `ZakatTracker` class and is likely used to
2051          estimate the memory footprint of data structures relevant to Zakat calculations.
2052        - The size calculation is approximate as it relies on `sys.getsizeof()`, which might
2053          not account for all memory overhead depending on the Python implementation.
2054        - Circular references are handled to prevent infinite recursion.
2055        - Basic numeric types (int, float, complex) are assumed to have fixed sizes.
2056        - String sizes are estimated based on character length and encoding.
2057        """
2058        size = 0
2059        if seen is None:
2060            seen = set()
2061
2062        obj_id = id(obj)
2063        if obj_id in seen:
2064            return 0
2065
2066        seen.add(obj_id)
2067        size += sys.getsizeof(obj)
2068
2069        if isinstance(obj, dict):
2070            for k, v in obj.items():
2071                size += ZakatTracker.get_dict_size(k, seen)
2072                size += ZakatTracker.get_dict_size(v, seen)
2073        elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)):
2074            for item in obj:
2075                size += ZakatTracker.get_dict_size(item, seen)
2076        elif isinstance(obj, (int, float, complex)):  # Handle numbers
2077            pass  # Basic numbers have a fixed size, so nothing to add here
2078        elif isinstance(obj, str):  # Handle strings
2079            size += len(obj) * sys.getsizeof(str().encode())  # Size per character in bytes
2080        return size
2081
2082    @staticmethod
2083    def duration_from_nanoseconds(ns: int,
2084                                  show_zeros_in_spoken_time: bool = False,
2085                                  spoken_time_separator=',',
2086                                  millennia: str = 'Millennia',
2087                                  century: str = 'Century',
2088                                  years: str = 'Years',
2089                                  days: str = 'Days',
2090                                  hours: str = 'Hours',
2091                                  minutes: str = 'Minutes',
2092                                  seconds: str = 'Seconds',
2093                                  milli_seconds: str = 'MilliSeconds',
2094                                  micro_seconds: str = 'MicroSeconds',
2095                                  nano_seconds: str = 'NanoSeconds',
2096                                  ) -> tuple:
2097        """
2098        REF https://github.com/JayRizzo/Random_Scripts/blob/master/time_measure.py#L106
2099        Convert NanoSeconds to Human Readable Time Format.
2100        A NanoSeconds is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal
2101        to one millionth (0.000001 or 10−6 or 1⁄1,000,000) of a second.
2102        Its symbol is μs, sometimes simplified to us when Unicode is not available.
2103        A microsecond is equal to 1000 nanoseconds or 1⁄1,000 of a millisecond.
2104
2105        INPUT : ms (AKA: MilliSeconds)
2106        OUTPUT: tuple(string time_lapsed, string spoken_time) like format.
2107        OUTPUT Variables: time_lapsed, spoken_time
2108
2109        Example  Input: duration_from_nanoseconds(ns)
2110        **"Millennium:Century:Years:Days:Hours:Minutes:Seconds:MilliSeconds:MicroSeconds:NanoSeconds"**
2111        Example Output: ('039:0001:047:325:05:02:03:456:789:012', ' 39 Millennia,    1 Century,  47 Years,  325 Days,  5 Hours,  2 Minutes,  3 Seconds,  456 MilliSeconds,  789 MicroSeconds,  12 NanoSeconds')
2112        duration_from_nanoseconds(1234567890123456789012)
2113        """
2114        us, ns = divmod(ns, 1000)
2115        ms, us = divmod(us, 1000)
2116        s, ms = divmod(ms, 1000)
2117        m, s = divmod(s, 60)
2118        h, m = divmod(m, 60)
2119        d, h = divmod(h, 24)
2120        y, d = divmod(d, 365)
2121        c, y = divmod(y, 100)
2122        n, c = divmod(c, 10)
2123        time_lapsed = f"{n:03.0f}:{c:04.0f}:{y:03.0f}:{d:03.0f}:{h:02.0f}:{m:02.0f}:{s:02.0f}::{ms:03.0f}::{us:03.0f}::{ns:03.0f}"
2124        spoken_time_part = []
2125        if n > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2126            spoken_time_part.append(f"{n: 3d} {millennia}")
2127        if c > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2128            spoken_time_part.append(f"{c: 4d} {century}")
2129        if y > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2130            spoken_time_part.append(f"{y: 3d} {years}")
2131        if d > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2132            spoken_time_part.append(f"{d: 4d} {days}")
2133        if h > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2134            spoken_time_part.append(f"{h: 2d} {hours}")
2135        if m > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2136            spoken_time_part.append(f"{m: 2d} {minutes}")
2137        if s > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2138            spoken_time_part.append(f"{s: 2d} {seconds}")
2139        if ms > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2140            spoken_time_part.append(f"{ms: 3d} {milli_seconds}")
2141        if us > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2142            spoken_time_part.append(f"{us: 3d} {micro_seconds}")
2143        if ns > 0 or show_zeros_in_spoken_time:
2144            spoken_time_part.append(f"{ns: 3d} {nano_seconds}")
2145        return time_lapsed, spoken_time_separator.join(spoken_time_part)
2146
2147    @staticmethod
2148    def day_to_time(day: int, month: int = 6, year: int = 2024) -> int:  # افتراض أن الشهر هو يونيو والسنة 2024
2149        """
2150        Convert a specific day, month, and year into a timestamp.
2151
2152        Parameters:
2153        day (int): The day of the month.
2154        month (int): The month of the year. Default is 6 (June).
2155        year (int): The year. Default is 2024.
2156
2157        Returns:
2158        int: The timestamp representing the given day, month, and year.
2159
2160        Note:
2161        This method assumes the default month and year if not provided.
2162        """
2163        return ZakatTracker.time(datetime.datetime(year, month, day))
2164
2165    @staticmethod
2166    def generate_random_date(start_date: datetime.datetime, end_date: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
2167        """
2168        Generate a random date between two given dates.
2169
2170        Parameters:
2171        start_date (datetime.datetime): The start date from which to generate a random date.
2172        end_date (datetime.datetime): The end date until which to generate a random date.
2173
2174        Returns:
2175        datetime.datetime: A random date between the start_date and end_date.
2176        """
2177        time_between_dates = end_date - start_date
2178        days_between_dates = time_between_dates.days
2179        random_number_of_days = random.randrange(days_between_dates)
2180        return start_date + datetime.timedelta(days=random_number_of_days)
2181
2182    @staticmethod
2183    def generate_random_csv_file(path: str = "data.csv", count: int = 1000, with_rate: bool = False,
2184                                 debug: bool = False) -> int:
2185        """
2186        Generate a random CSV file with specified parameters.
2187
2188        Parameters:
2189        path (str): The path where the CSV file will be saved. Default is "data.csv".
2190        count (int): The number of rows to generate in the CSV file. Default is 1000.
2191        with_rate (bool): If True, a random rate between 1.2% and 12% is added. Default is False.
2192        debug (bool): A flag indicating whether to print debug information.
2193
2194        Returns:
2195        None. The function generates a CSV file at the specified path with the given count of rows.
2196        Each row contains a randomly generated account, description, value, and date.
2197        The value is randomly generated between 1000 and 100000,
2198        and the date is randomly generated between 1950-01-01 and 2023-12-31.
2199        If the row number is not divisible by 13, the value is multiplied by -1.
2200        """
2201        if debug:
2202            print('generate_random_csv_file', f'debug={debug}')
2203        i = 0
2204        with open(path, "w", newline="") as csvfile:
2205            writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
2206            for i in range(count):
2207                account = f"acc-{random.randint(1, 1000)}"
2208                desc = f"Some text {random.randint(1, 1000)}"
2209                value = random.randint(1000, 100000)
2210                date = ZakatTracker.generate_random_date(datetime.datetime(1000, 1, 1),
2211                                                         datetime.datetime(2023, 12, 31)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
2212                if not i % 13 == 0:
2213                    value *= -1
2214                row = [account, desc, value, date]
2215                if with_rate:
2216                    rate = random.randint(1, 100) * 0.12
2217                    if debug:
2218                        print('before-append', row)
2219                    row.append(rate)
2220                    if debug:
2221                        print('after-append', row)
2222                writer.writerow(row)
2223                i = i + 1
2224        return i
2225
2226    @staticmethod
2227    def create_random_list(max_sum, min_value=0, max_value=10):
2228        """
2229        Creates a list of random integers whose sum does not exceed the specified maximum.
2230
2231        Args:
2232            max_sum: The maximum allowed sum of the list elements.
2233            min_value: The minimum possible value for an element (inclusive).
2234            max_value: The maximum possible value for an element (inclusive).
2235
2236        Returns:
2237            A list of random integers.
2238        """
2239        result = []
2240        current_sum = 0
2241
2242        while current_sum < max_sum:
2243            # Calculate the remaining space for the next element
2244            remaining_sum = max_sum - current_sum
2245            # Determine the maximum possible value for the next element
2246            next_max_value = min(remaining_sum, max_value)
2247            # Generate a random element within the allowed range
2248            next_element = random.randint(min_value, next_max_value)
2249            result.append(next_element)
2250            current_sum += next_element
2251
2252        return result
2253
2254    def _test_core(self, restore=False, debug=False):
2255
2256        if debug:
2257            random.seed(1234567890)
2258
2259        # sanity check - random forward time
2260
2261        xlist = []
2262        limit = 1000
2263        for _ in range(limit):
2264            y = ZakatTracker.time()
2265            z = '-'
2266            if y not in xlist:
2267                xlist.append(y)
2268            else:
2269                z = 'x'
2270            if debug:
2271                print(z, y)
2272        xx = len(xlist)
2273        if debug:
2274            print('count', xx, ' - unique: ', (xx / limit) * 100, '%')
2275        assert limit == xx
2276
2277        # sanity check - convert date since 1000AD
2278
2279        for year in range(1000, 9000):
2280            ns = ZakatTracker.time(datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{year}-12-30 18:30:45", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
2281            date = ZakatTracker.time_to_datetime(ns)
2282            if debug:
2283                print(date)
2284            assert date.year == year
2285            assert date.month == 12
2286            assert date.day == 30
2287            assert date.hour == 18
2288            assert date.minute == 30
2289            assert date.second in [44, 45]
2290
2291        # human_readable_size
2292
2293        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(0) == "0.00 B"
2294        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(512) == "512.00 B"
2295        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1023) == "1023.00 B"
2296
2297        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1024) == "1.00 KB"
2298        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(2048) == "2.00 KB"
2299        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(5120) == "5.00 KB"
2300
2301        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1024 ** 2) == "1.00 MB"
2302        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(2.5 * 1024 ** 2) == "2.50 MB"
2303
2304        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1024 ** 3) == "1.00 GB"
2305        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1024 ** 4) == "1.00 TB"
2306        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1024 ** 5) == "1.00 PB"
2307
2308        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1536, decimal_places=0) == "2 KB"
2309        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(2.5 * 1024 ** 2, decimal_places=1) == "2.5 MB"
2310        assert ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1234567890, decimal_places=3) == "1.150 GB"
2311
2312        try:
2313            # noinspection PyTypeChecker
2314            ZakatTracker.human_readable_size("not a number")
2315            assert False, "Expected TypeError for invalid input"
2316        except TypeError:
2317            pass
2318
2319        try:
2320            # noinspection PyTypeChecker
2321            ZakatTracker.human_readable_size(1024, decimal_places="not an int")
2322            assert False, "Expected TypeError for invalid decimal_places"
2323        except TypeError:
2324            pass
2325
2326        # get_dict_size
2327        assert ZakatTracker.get_dict_size({}) == sys.getsizeof({}), "Empty dictionary size mismatch"
2328        assert ZakatTracker.get_dict_size({"a": 1, "b": 2.5, "c": True}) != sys.getsizeof({}), "Not Empty dictionary"
2329
2330        # number scale
2331        error = 0
2332        total = 0
2333        for sign in ['', '-']:
2334            for max_i, max_j, decimal_places in [
2335                (101, 101, 2),  # fiat currency minimum unit took 2 decimal places
2336                (1, 1_000, 8),  # cryptocurrency like Satoshi in Bitcoin took 8 decimal places
2337                (1, 1_000, 18)  # cryptocurrency like Wei in Ethereum took 18 decimal places
2338            ]:
2339                for return_type in (
2340                        float,
2341                        Decimal,
2342                ):
2343                    for i in range(max_i):
2344                        for j in range(max_j):
2345                            total += 1
2346                            num_str = f'{sign}{i}.{j:0{decimal_places}d}'
2347                            num = return_type(num_str)
2348                            scaled = self.scale(num, decimal_places=decimal_places)
2349                            unscaled = self.unscale(scaled, return_type=return_type, decimal_places=decimal_places)
2350                            if debug:
2351                                print(
2352                                    f'return_type: {return_type}, num_str: {num_str} - num: {num} - scaled: {scaled} - unscaled: {unscaled}')
2353                            if unscaled != num:
2354                                if debug:
2355                                    print('***** SCALE ERROR *****')
2356                                error += 1
2357        if debug:
2358            print(f'total: {total}, error({error}): {100 * error / total}%')
2359        assert error == 0
2360
2361        assert self.nolock()
2362        assert self._history() is True
2363
2364        table = {
2365            1: [
2366                (0, 10, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1, 1),
2367                (0, 20, 3000, 3000, 3000, 2, 2),
2368                (0, 30, 6000, 6000, 6000, 3, 3),
2369                (1, 15, 4500, 4500, 4500, 3, 4),
2370                (1, 50, -500, -500, -500, 4, 5),
2371                (1, 100, -10500, -10500, -10500, 5, 6),
2372            ],
2373            'wallet': [
2374                (1, 90, -9000, -9000, -9000, 1, 1),
2375                (0, 100, 1000, 1000, 1000, 2, 2),
2376                (1, 190, -18000, -18000, -18000, 3, 3),
2377                (0, 1000, 82000, 82000, 82000, 4, 4),
2378            ],
2379        }
2380        for x in table:
2381            for y in table[x]:
2382                self.lock()
2383                if y[0] == 0:
2384                    ref = self.track(
2385                        unscaled_value=y[1],
2386                        desc='test-add',
2387                        account=x,
2388                        logging=True,
2389                        created=ZakatTracker.time(),
2390                        debug=debug,
2391                    )
2392                else:
2393                    (ref, z) = self.sub(
2394                        unscaled_value=y[1],
2395                        desc='test-sub',
2396                        account=x,
2397                        created=ZakatTracker.time(),
2398                    )
2399                    if debug:
2400                        print('_sub', z, ZakatTracker.time())
2401                assert ref != 0
2402                assert len(self._vault['account'][x]['log'][ref]['file']) == 0
2403                for i in range(3):
2404                    file_ref = self.add_file(x, ref, 'file_' + str(i))
2405                    sleep(0.0000001)
2406                    assert file_ref != 0
2407                    if debug:
2408                        print('ref', ref, 'file', file_ref)
2409                    assert len(self._vault['account'][x]['log'][ref]['file']) == i + 1
2410                file_ref = self.add_file(x, ref, 'file_' + str(3))
2411                assert self.remove_file(x, ref, file_ref)
2412                z = self.balance(x)
2413                if debug:
2414                    print("debug-0", z, y)
2415                assert z == y[2]
2416                z = self.balance(x, False)
2417                if debug:
2418                    print("debug-1", z, y[3])
2419                assert z == y[3]
2420                o = self._vault['account'][x]['log']
2421                z = 0
2422                for i in o:
2423                    z += o[i]['value']
2424                if debug:
2425                    print("debug-2", z, type(z))
2426                    print("debug-2", y[4], type(y[4]))
2427                assert z == y[4]
2428                if debug:
2429                    print('debug-2 - PASSED')
2430                assert self.box_size(x) == y[5]
2431                assert self.log_size(x) == y[6]
2432                assert not self.nolock()
2433                self.free(self.lock())
2434                assert self.nolock()
2435            assert self.boxes(x) != {}
2436            assert self.logs(x) != {}
2437
2438            assert not self.hide(x)
2439            assert self.hide(x, False) is False
2440            assert self.hide(x) is False
2441            assert self.hide(x, True)
2442            assert self.hide(x)
2443
2444            assert self.zakatable(x)
2445            assert self.zakatable(x, False) is False
2446            assert self.zakatable(x) is False
2447            assert self.zakatable(x, True)
2448            assert self.zakatable(x)
2449
2450        if restore is True:
2451            count = len(self._vault['history'])
2452            if debug:
2453                print('history-count', count)
2454            assert count == 10
2455            # try mode
2456            for _ in range(count):
2457                assert self.recall(True, debug)
2458            count = len(self._vault['history'])
2459            if debug:
2460                print('history-count', count)
2461            assert count == 10
2462            _accounts = list(table.keys())
2463            accounts_limit = len(_accounts) + 1
2464            for i in range(-1, -accounts_limit, -1):
2465                account = _accounts[i]
2466                if debug:
2467                    print(account, len(table[account]))
2468                transaction_limit = len(table[account]) + 1
2469                for j in range(-1, -transaction_limit, -1):
2470                    row = table[account][j]
2471                    if debug:
2472                        print(row, self.balance(account), self.balance(account, False))
2473                    assert self.balance(account) == self.balance(account, False)
2474                    assert self.balance(account) == row[2]
2475                    assert self.recall(False, debug)
2476            assert self.recall(False, debug) is False
2477            count = len(self._vault['history'])
2478            if debug:
2479                print('history-count', count)
2480            assert count == 0
2481            self.reset()
2482
2483    def test(self, debug: bool = False) -> bool:
2484        if debug:
2485            print('test', f'debug={debug}')
2486        try:
2487
2488            self._test_core(True, debug)
2489            self._test_core(False, debug)
2490
2491            assert self._history()
2492
2493            # Not allowed for duplicate transactions in the same account and time
2494
2495            created = ZakatTracker.time()
2496            self.track(100, 'test-1', 'same', True, created)
2497            failed = False
2498            try:
2499                self.track(50, 'test-1', 'same', True, created)
2500            except:
2501                failed = True
2502            assert failed is True
2503
2504            self.reset()
2505
2506            # Same account transfer
2507            for x in [1, 'a', True, 1.8, None]:
2508                failed = False
2509                try:
2510                    self.transfer(1, x, x, 'same-account', debug=debug)
2511                except:
2512                    failed = True
2513                assert failed is True
2514
2515            # Always preserve box age during transfer
2516
2517            series: list[tuple] = [
2518                (30, 4),
2519                (60, 3),
2520                (90, 2),
2521            ]
2522            case = {
2523                3000: {
2524                    'series': series,
2525                    'rest': 15000,
2526                },
2527                6000: {
2528                    'series': series,
2529                    'rest': 12000,
2530                },
2531                9000: {
2532                    'series': series,
2533                    'rest': 9000,
2534                },
2535                18000: {
2536                    'series': series,
2537                    'rest': 0,
2538                },
2539                27000: {
2540                    'series': series,
2541                    'rest': -9000,
2542                },
2543                36000: {
2544                    'series': series,
2545                    'rest': -18000,
2546                },
2547            }
2548
2549            selected_time = ZakatTracker.time() - ZakatTracker.TimeCycle()
2550
2551            for total in case:
2552                if debug:
2553                    print('--------------------------------------------------------')
2554                    print(f'case[{total}]', case[total])
2555                for x in case[total]['series']:
2556                    self.track(
2557                        unscaled_value=x[0],
2558                        desc=f"test-{x} ages",
2559                        account='ages',
2560                        logging=True,
2561                        created=selected_time * x[1],
2562                    )
2563
2564                unscaled_total = self.unscale(total)
2565                if debug:
2566                    print('unscaled_total', unscaled_total)
2567                refs = self.transfer(
2568                    unscaled_amount=unscaled_total,
2569                    from_account='ages',
2570                    to_account='future',
2571                    desc='Zakat Movement',
2572                    debug=debug,
2573                )
2574
2575                if debug:
2576                    print('refs', refs)
2577
2578                ages_cache_balance = self.balance('ages')
2579                ages_fresh_balance = self.balance('ages', False)
2580                rest = case[total]['rest']
2581                if debug:
2582                    print('source', ages_cache_balance, ages_fresh_balance, rest)
2583                assert ages_cache_balance == rest
2584                assert ages_fresh_balance == rest
2585
2586                future_cache_balance = self.balance('future')
2587                future_fresh_balance = self.balance('future', False)
2588                if debug:
2589                    print('target', future_cache_balance, future_fresh_balance, total)
2590                    print('refs', refs)
2591                assert future_cache_balance == total
2592                assert future_fresh_balance == total
2593
2594                # TODO: check boxes times for `ages` should equal box times in `future`
2595                for ref in self._vault['account']['ages']['box']:
2596                    ages_capital = self._vault['account']['ages']['box'][ref]['capital']
2597                    ages_rest = self._vault['account']['ages']['box'][ref]['rest']
2598                    future_capital = 0
2599                    if ref in self._vault['account']['future']['box']:
2600                        future_capital = self._vault['account']['future']['box'][ref]['capital']
2601                    future_rest = 0
2602                    if ref in self._vault['account']['future']['box']:
2603                        future_rest = self._vault['account']['future']['box'][ref]['rest']
2604                    if ages_capital != 0 and future_capital != 0 and future_rest != 0:
2605                        if debug:
2606                            print('================================================================')
2607                            print('ages', ages_capital, ages_rest)
2608                            print('future', future_capital, future_rest)
2609                        if ages_rest == 0:
2610                            assert ages_capital == future_capital
2611                        elif ages_rest < 0:
2612                            assert -ages_capital == future_capital
2613                        elif ages_rest > 0:
2614                            assert ages_capital == ages_rest + future_capital
2615                self.reset()
2616                assert len(self._vault['history']) == 0
2617
2618            assert self._history()
2619            assert self._history(False) is False
2620            assert self._history() is False
2621            assert self._history(True)
2622            assert self._history()
2623            if debug:
2624                print('####################################################################')
2625
2626            transaction = [
2627                (
2628                    20, 'wallet', 1, -2000, -2000, -2000, 1, 1,
2629                    2000, 2000, 2000, 1, 1,
2630                ),
2631                (
2632                    750, 'wallet', 'safe', -77000, -77000, -77000, 2, 2,
2633                    75000, 75000, 75000, 1, 1,
2634                ),
2635                (
2636                    600, 'safe', 'bank', 15000, 15000, 15000, 1, 2,
2637                    60000, 60000, 60000, 1, 1,
2638                ),
2639            ]
2640            for z in transaction:
2641                self.lock()
2642                x = z[1]
2643                y = z[2]
2644                self.transfer(
2645                    unscaled_amount=z[0],
2646                    from_account=x,
2647                    to_account=y,
2648                    desc='test-transfer',
2649                    debug=debug,
2650                )
2651                zz = self.balance(x)
2652                if debug:
2653                    print(zz, z)
2654                assert zz == z[3]
2655                xx = self.accounts()[x]
2656                assert xx == z[3]
2657                assert self.balance(x, False) == z[4]
2658                assert xx == z[4]
2659
2660                s = 0
2661                log = self._vault['account'][x]['log']
2662                for i in log:
2663                    s += log[i]['value']
2664                if debug:
2665                    print('s', s, 'z[5]', z[5])
2666                assert s == z[5]
2667
2668                assert self.box_size(x) == z[6]
2669                assert self.log_size(x) == z[7]
2670
2671                yy = self.accounts()[y]
2672                assert self.balance(y) == z[8]
2673                assert yy == z[8]
2674                assert self.balance(y, False) == z[9]
2675                assert yy == z[9]
2676
2677                s = 0
2678                log = self._vault['account'][y]['log']
2679                for i in log:
2680                    s += log[i]['value']
2681                assert s == z[10]
2682
2683                assert self.box_size(y) == z[11]
2684                assert self.log_size(y) == z[12]
2685                assert self.free(self.lock())
2686
2687            if debug:
2688                pp().pprint(self.check(2.17))
2689
2690            assert not self.nolock()
2691            history_count = len(self._vault['history'])
2692            if debug:
2693                print('history-count', history_count)
2694            assert history_count == 4
2695            assert not self.free(ZakatTracker.time())
2696            assert self.free(self.lock())
2697            assert self.nolock()
2698            assert len(self._vault['history']) == 3
2699
2700            # storage
2701
2702            _path = self.path(f'./zakat_test_db/test.{self.ext()}')
2703            if os.path.exists(_path):
2704                os.remove(_path)
2705            self.save()
2706            assert os.path.getsize(_path) > 0
2707            self.reset()
2708            assert self.recall(False, debug) is False
2709            self.load()
2710            assert self._vault['account'] is not None
2711
2712            # recall
2713
2714            assert self.nolock()
2715            assert len(self._vault['history']) == 3
2716            assert self.recall(False, debug) is True
2717            assert len(self._vault['history']) == 2
2718            assert self.recall(False, debug) is True
2719            assert len(self._vault['history']) == 1
2720            assert self.recall(False, debug) is True
2721            assert len(self._vault['history']) == 0
2722            assert self.recall(False, debug) is False
2723            assert len(self._vault['history']) == 0
2724
2725            # exchange
2726
2727            self.exchange("cash", 25, 3.75, "2024-06-25")
2728            self.exchange("cash", 22, 3.73, "2024-06-22")
2729            self.exchange("cash", 15, 3.69, "2024-06-15")
2730            self.exchange("cash", 10, 3.66)
2731
2732            for i in range(1, 30):
2733                exchange = self.exchange("cash", i)
2734                rate, description, created = exchange['rate'], exchange['description'], exchange['time']
2735                if debug:
2736                    print(i, rate, description, created)
2737                assert created
2738                if i < 10:
2739                    assert rate == 1
2740                    assert description is None
2741                elif i == 10:
2742                    assert rate == 3.66
2743                    assert description is None
2744                elif i < 15:
2745                    assert rate == 3.66
2746                    assert description is None
2747                elif i == 15:
2748                    assert rate == 3.69
2749                    assert description is not None
2750                elif i < 22:
2751                    assert rate == 3.69
2752                    assert description is not None
2753                elif i == 22:
2754                    assert rate == 3.73
2755                    assert description is not None
2756                elif i >= 25:
2757                    assert rate == 3.75
2758                    assert description is not None
2759                exchange = self.exchange("bank", i)
2760                rate, description, created = exchange['rate'], exchange['description'], exchange['time']
2761                if debug:
2762                    print(i, rate, description, created)
2763                assert created
2764                assert rate == 1
2765                assert description is None
2766
2767            assert len(self._vault['exchange']) > 0
2768            assert len(self.exchanges()) > 0
2769            self._vault['exchange'].clear()
2770            assert len(self._vault['exchange']) == 0
2771            assert len(self.exchanges()) == 0
2772
2773            # حفظ أسعار الصرف باستخدام التواريخ بالنانو ثانية
2774            self.exchange("cash", ZakatTracker.day_to_time(25), 3.75, "2024-06-25")
2775            self.exchange("cash", ZakatTracker.day_to_time(22), 3.73, "2024-06-22")
2776            self.exchange("cash", ZakatTracker.day_to_time(15), 3.69, "2024-06-15")
2777            self.exchange("cash", ZakatTracker.day_to_time(10), 3.66)
2778
2779            for i in [x * 0.12 for x in range(-15, 21)]:
2780                if i <= 0:
2781                    assert len(self.exchange("test", ZakatTracker.time(), i, f"range({i})")) == 0
2782                else:
2783                    assert len(self.exchange("test", ZakatTracker.time(), i, f"range({i})")) > 0
2784
2785            # اختبار النتائج باستخدام التواريخ بالنانو ثانية
2786            for i in range(1, 31):
2787                timestamp_ns = ZakatTracker.day_to_time(i)
2788                exchange = self.exchange("cash", timestamp_ns)
2789                rate, description, created = exchange['rate'], exchange['description'], exchange['time']
2790                if debug:
2791                    print(i, rate, description, created)
2792                assert created
2793                if i < 10:
2794                    assert rate == 1
2795                    assert description is None
2796                elif i == 10:
2797                    assert rate == 3.66
2798                    assert description is None
2799                elif i < 15:
2800                    assert rate == 3.66
2801                    assert description is None
2802                elif i == 15:
2803                    assert rate == 3.69
2804                    assert description is not None
2805                elif i < 22:
2806                    assert rate == 3.69
2807                    assert description is not None
2808                elif i == 22:
2809                    assert rate == 3.73
2810                    assert description is not None
2811                elif i >= 25:
2812                    assert rate == 3.75
2813                    assert description is not None
2814                exchange = self.exchange("bank", i)
2815                rate, description, created = exchange['rate'], exchange['description'], exchange['time']
2816                if debug:
2817                    print(i, rate, description, created)
2818                assert created
2819                assert rate == 1
2820                assert description is None
2821
2822            # csv
2823
2824            csv_count = 1000
2825
2826            for with_rate, path in {
2827                False: 'test-import_csv-no-exchange',
2828                True: 'test-import_csv-with-exchange',
2829            }.items():
2830
2831                if debug:
2832                    print('test_import_csv', with_rate, path)
2833
2834                csv_path = path + '.csv'
2835                if os.path.exists(csv_path):
2836                    os.remove(csv_path)
2837                c = self.generate_random_csv_file(csv_path, csv_count, with_rate, debug)
2838                if debug:
2839                    print('generate_random_csv_file', c)
2840                assert c == csv_count
2841                assert os.path.getsize(csv_path) > 0
2842                cache_path = self.import_csv_cache_path()
2843                if os.path.exists(cache_path):
2844                    os.remove(cache_path)
2845                self.reset()
2846                (created, found, bad) = self.import_csv(csv_path, debug)
2847                bad_count = len(bad)
2848                assert bad_count > 0
2849                if debug:
2850                    print(f"csv-imported: ({created}, {found}, {bad_count}) = count({csv_count})")
2851                    print('bad', bad)
2852                tmp_size = os.path.getsize(cache_path)
2853                assert tmp_size > 0
2854                # TODO: assert created + found + bad_count == csv_count
2855                # TODO: assert created == csv_count
2856                # TODO: assert bad_count == 0
2857                (created_2, found_2, bad_2) = self.import_csv(csv_path)
2858                bad_2_count = len(bad_2)
2859                if debug:
2860                    print(f"csv-imported: ({created_2}, {found_2}, {bad_2_count})")
2861                    print('bad', bad)
2862                assert bad_2_count > 0
2863                # TODO: assert tmp_size == os.path.getsize(cache_path)
2864                # TODO: assert created_2 + found_2 + bad_2_count == csv_count
2865                # TODO: assert created == found_2
2866                # TODO: assert bad_count == bad_2_count
2867                # TODO: assert found_2 == csv_count
2868                # TODO: assert bad_2_count == 0
2869                # TODO: assert created_2 == 0
2870
2871                # payment parts
2872
2873                positive_parts = self.build_payment_parts(100, positive_only=True)
2874                assert self.check_payment_parts(positive_parts) != 0
2875                assert self.check_payment_parts(positive_parts) != 0
2876                all_parts = self.build_payment_parts(300, positive_only=False)
2877                assert self.check_payment_parts(all_parts) != 0
2878                assert self.check_payment_parts(all_parts) != 0
2879                if debug:
2880                    pp().pprint(positive_parts)
2881                    pp().pprint(all_parts)
2882                # dynamic discount
2883                suite = []
2884                count = 3
2885                for exceed in [False, True]:
2886                    case = []
2887                    for parts in [positive_parts, all_parts]:
2888                        part = parts.copy()
2889                        demand = part['demand']
2890                        if debug:
2891                            print(demand, part['total'])
2892                        i = 0
2893                        z = demand / count
2894                        cp = {
2895                            'account': {},
2896                            'demand': demand,
2897                            'exceed': exceed,
2898                            'total': part['total'],
2899                        }
2900                        j = ''
2901                        for x, y in part['account'].items():
2902                            x_exchange = self.exchange(x)
2903                            zz = self.exchange_calc(z, 1, x_exchange['rate'])
2904                            if exceed and zz <= demand:
2905                                i += 1
2906                                y['part'] = zz
2907                                if debug:
2908                                    print(exceed, y)
2909                                cp['account'][x] = y
2910                                case.append(y)
2911                            elif not exceed and y['balance'] >= zz:
2912                                i += 1
2913                                y['part'] = zz
2914                                if debug:
2915                                    print(exceed, y)
2916                                cp['account'][x] = y
2917                                case.append(y)
2918                            j = x
2919                            if i >= count:
2920                                break
2921                        if len(cp['account'][j]) > 0:
2922                            suite.append(cp)
2923                if debug:
2924                    print('suite', len(suite))
2925                # vault = self._vault.copy()
2926                for case in suite:
2927                    # self._vault = vault.copy()
2928                    if debug:
2929                        print('case', case)
2930                    result = self.check_payment_parts(case)
2931                    if debug:
2932                        print('check_payment_parts', result, f'exceed: {exceed}')
2933                    assert result == 0
2934
2935                    report = self.check(2.17, None, debug)
2936                    (valid, brief, plan) = report
2937                    if debug:
2938                        print('valid', valid)
2939                    zakat_result = self.zakat(report, parts=case, debug=debug)
2940                    if debug:
2941                        print('zakat-result', zakat_result)
2942                    assert valid == zakat_result
2943
2944            assert self.save(path + f'.{self.ext()}')
2945            assert self.export_json(path + '.json')
2946
2947            assert self.export_json("1000-transactions-test.json")
2948            assert self.save(f"1000-transactions-test.{self.ext()}")
2949
2950            self.reset()
2951
2952            # test transfer between accounts with different exchange rate
2953
2954            a_SAR = "Bank (SAR)"
2955            b_USD = "Bank (USD)"
2956            c_SAR = "Safe (SAR)"
2957            # 0: track, 1: check-exchange, 2: do-exchange, 3: transfer
2958            for case in [
2959                (0, a_SAR, "SAR Gift", 1000, 100000),
2960                (1, a_SAR, 1),
2961                (0, b_USD, "USD Gift", 500, 50000),
2962                (1, b_USD, 1),
2963                (2, b_USD, 3.75),
2964                (1, b_USD, 3.75),
2965                (3, 100, b_USD, a_SAR, "100 USD -> SAR", 40000, 137500),
2966                (0, c_SAR, "Salary", 750, 75000),
2967                (3, 375, c_SAR, b_USD, "375 SAR -> USD", 37500, 50000),
2968                (3, 3.75, a_SAR, b_USD, "3.75 SAR -> USD", 137125, 50100),
2969            ]:
2970                if debug:
2971                    print('case', case)
2972                match (case[0]):
2973                    case 0:  # track
2974                        _, account, desc, x, balance = case
2975                        self.track(unscaled_value=x, desc=desc, account=account, debug=debug)
2976
2977                        cached_value = self.balance(account, cached=True)
2978                        fresh_value = self.balance(account, cached=False)
2979                        if debug:
2980                            print('account', account, 'cached_value', cached_value, 'fresh_value', fresh_value)
2981                        assert cached_value == balance
2982                        assert fresh_value == balance
2983                    case 1:  # check-exchange
2984                        _, account, expected_rate = case
2985                        t_exchange = self.exchange(account, created=ZakatTracker.time(), debug=debug)
2986                        if debug:
2987                            print('t-exchange', t_exchange)
2988                        assert t_exchange['rate'] == expected_rate
2989                    case 2:  # do-exchange
2990                        _, account, rate = case
2991                        self.exchange(account, rate=rate, debug=debug)
2992                        b_exchange = self.exchange(account, created=ZakatTracker.time(), debug=debug)
2993                        if debug:
2994                            print('b-exchange', b_exchange)
2995                        assert b_exchange['rate'] == rate
2996                    case 3:  # transfer
2997                        _, x, a, b, desc, a_balance, b_balance = case
2998                        self.transfer(x, a, b, desc, debug=debug)
2999
3000                        cached_value = self.balance(a, cached=True)
3001                        fresh_value = self.balance(a, cached=False)
3002                        if debug:
3003                            print('account', a, 'cached_value', cached_value, 'fresh_value', fresh_value, 'a_balance', a_balance)
3004                        assert cached_value == a_balance
3005                        assert fresh_value == a_balance
3006
3007                        cached_value = self.balance(b, cached=True)
3008                        fresh_value = self.balance(b, cached=False)
3009                        if debug:
3010                            print('account', b, 'cached_value', cached_value, 'fresh_value', fresh_value)
3011                        assert cached_value == b_balance
3012                        assert fresh_value == b_balance
3013
3014            # Transfer all in many chunks randomly from B to A
3015            a_SAR_balance = 137125
3016            b_USD_balance = 50100
3017            b_USD_exchange = self.exchange(b_USD)
3018            amounts = ZakatTracker.create_random_list(b_USD_balance, max_value=1000)
3019            if debug:
3020                print('amounts', amounts)
3021            i = 0
3022            for x in amounts:
3023                if debug:
3024                    print(f'{i} - transfer-with-exchange({x})')
3025                self.transfer(
3026                    unscaled_amount=self.unscale(x),
3027                    from_account=b_USD,
3028                    to_account=a_SAR,
3029                    desc=f"{x} USD -> SAR",
3030                    debug=debug,
3031                )
3032
3033                b_USD_balance -= x
3034                cached_value = self.balance(b_USD, cached=True)
3035                fresh_value = self.balance(b_USD, cached=False)
3036                if debug:
3037                    print('account', b_USD, 'cached_value', cached_value, 'fresh_value', fresh_value, 'excepted',
3038                          b_USD_balance)
3039                assert cached_value == b_USD_balance
3040                assert fresh_value == b_USD_balance
3041
3042                a_SAR_balance += int(x * b_USD_exchange['rate'])
3043                cached_value = self.balance(a_SAR, cached=True)
3044                fresh_value = self.balance(a_SAR, cached=False)
3045                if debug:
3046                    print('account', a_SAR, 'cached_value', cached_value, 'fresh_value', fresh_value, 'expected',
3047                          a_SAR_balance, 'rate', b_USD_exchange['rate'])
3048                assert cached_value == a_SAR_balance
3049                assert fresh_value == a_SAR_balance
3050                i += 1
3051
3052            # Transfer all in many chunks randomly from C to A
3053            c_SAR_balance = 37500
3054            amounts = ZakatTracker.create_random_list(c_SAR_balance, max_value=1000)
3055            if debug:
3056                print('amounts', amounts)
3057            i = 0
3058            for x in amounts:
3059                if debug:
3060                    print(f'{i} - transfer-with-exchange({x})')
3061                self.transfer(
3062                    unscaled_amount=self.unscale(x),
3063                    from_account=c_SAR,
3064                    to_account=a_SAR,
3065                    desc=f"{x} SAR -> a_SAR",
3066                    debug=debug,
3067                )
3068
3069                c_SAR_balance -= x
3070                cached_value = self.balance(c_SAR, cached=True)
3071                fresh_value = self.balance(c_SAR, cached=False)
3072                if debug:
3073                    print('account', c_SAR, 'cached_value', cached_value, 'fresh_value', fresh_value, 'excepted',
3074                          c_SAR_balance)
3075                assert cached_value == c_SAR_balance
3076                assert fresh_value == c_SAR_balance
3077
3078                a_SAR_balance += x
3079                cached_value = self.balance(a_SAR, cached=True)
3080                fresh_value = self.balance(a_SAR, cached=False)
3081                if debug:
3082                    print('account', a_SAR, 'cached_value', cached_value, 'fresh_value', fresh_value, 'expected',
3083                          a_SAR_balance)
3084                assert cached_value == a_SAR_balance
3085                assert fresh_value == a_SAR_balance
3086                i += 1
3087
3088            assert self.export_json("accounts-transfer-with-exchange-rates.json")
3089            assert self.save(f"accounts-transfer-with-exchange-rates.{self.ext()}")
3090
3091            # check & zakat with exchange rates for many cycles
3092
3093            for rate, values in {
3094                1: {
3095                    'in': [1000, 2000, 10000],
3096                    'exchanged': [100000, 200000, 1000000],
3097                    'out': [2500, 5000, 73140],
3098                },
3099                3.75: {
3100                    'in': [200, 1000, 5000],
3101                    'exchanged': [75000, 375000, 1875000],
3102                    'out': [1875, 9375, 137138],
3103                },
3104            }.items():
3105                a, b, c = values['in']
3106                m, n, o = values['exchanged']
3107                x, y, z = values['out']
3108                if debug:
3109                    print('rate', rate, 'values', values)
3110                for case in [
3111                    (a, 'safe', ZakatTracker.time() - ZakatTracker.TimeCycle(), [
3112                        {'safe': {0: {'below_nisab': x}}},
3113                    ], False, m),
3114                    (b, 'safe', ZakatTracker.time() - ZakatTracker.TimeCycle(), [
3115                        {'safe': {0: {'count': 1, 'total': y}}},
3116                    ], True, n),
3117                    (c, 'cave', ZakatTracker.time() - (ZakatTracker.TimeCycle() * 3), [
3118                        {'cave': {0: {'count': 3, 'total': z}}},
3119                    ], True, o),
3120                ]:
3121                    if debug:
3122                        print(f"############# check(rate: {rate}) #############")
3123                        print('case', case)
3124                    self.reset()
3125                    self.exchange(account=case[1], created=case[2], rate=rate)
3126                    self.track(unscaled_value=case[0], desc='test-check', account=case[1], logging=True, created=case[2])
3127                    assert self.snapshot()
3128
3129                    # assert self.nolock()
3130                    # history_size = len(self._vault['history'])
3131                    # print('history_size', history_size)
3132                    # assert history_size == 2
3133                    assert self.lock()
3134                    assert not self.nolock()
3135                    report = self.check(2.17, None, debug)
3136                    (valid, brief, plan) = report
3137                    if debug:
3138                        print('brief', brief)
3139                    assert valid == case[4]
3140                    assert case[5] == brief[0]
3141                    assert case[5] == brief[1]
3142
3143                    if debug:
3144                        pp().pprint(plan)
3145
3146                    for x in plan:
3147                        assert case[1] == x
3148                        if 'total' in case[3][0][x][0].keys():
3149                            assert case[3][0][x][0]['total'] == int(brief[2])
3150                            assert int(plan[x][0]['total']) == case[3][0][x][0]['total']
3151                            assert int(plan[x][0]['count']) == case[3][0][x][0]['count']
3152                        else:
3153                            assert plan[x][0]['below_nisab'] == case[3][0][x][0]['below_nisab']
3154                    if debug:
3155                        pp().pprint(report)
3156                    result = self.zakat(report, debug=debug)
3157                    if debug:
3158                        print('zakat-result', result, case[4])
3159                    assert result == case[4]
3160                    report = self.check(2.17, None, debug)
3161                    (valid, brief, plan) = report
3162                    assert valid is False
3163
3164            history_size = len(self._vault['history'])
3165            if debug:
3166                print('history_size', history_size)
3167            assert history_size == 3
3168            assert not self.nolock()
3169            assert self.recall(False, debug) is False
3170            self.free(self.lock())
3171            assert self.nolock()
3172
3173            for i in range(3, 0, -1):
3174                history_size = len(self._vault['history'])
3175                if debug:
3176                    print('history_size', history_size)
3177                assert history_size == i
3178                assert self.recall(False, debug) is True
3179
3180            assert self.nolock()
3181            assert self.recall(False, debug) is False
3182
3183            history_size = len(self._vault['history'])
3184            if debug:
3185                print('history_size', history_size)
3186            assert history_size == 0
3187
3188            account_size = len(self._vault['account'])
3189            if debug:
3190                print('account_size', account_size)
3191            assert account_size == 0
3192
3193            report_size = len(self._vault['report'])
3194            if debug:
3195                print('report_size', report_size)
3196            assert report_size == 0
3197
3198            assert self.nolock()
3199            return True
3200        except Exception as e:
3201            # pp().pprint(self._vault)
3202            assert self.export_json("test-snapshot.json")
3203            assert self.save(f"test-snapshot.{self.ext()}")
3204            raise e